{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:14:12Z","timestamp":1790082852202,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,15]],"date-time":"2020-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Orthofix Medical Inc.","award":["Preclinical Research Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Preclinical Research Grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JOR Spine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cellular bone matrices (CBM) are allograft products that provide three components essential to new bone formation: an osteoconductive scaffold, extracellular growth factors for cell proliferation and differentiation, and viable cells with osteogenic potential. This is an emerging technology being applied to augment spinal fusion procedures as an alternative to autografts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aim to compare the ability of six commercially\u2010available human CBMs (Trinity ELITE\u00ae, ViviGen\u00ae, Cellentra\u00ae, Osteocel\u00ae Pro, Bio4\u00ae and Map3\u00ae) to form a stable spinal fusion using an athymic rat model of posterolateral fusion. Iliac crest bone from syngeneic rats was used as a control to approximate the human gold standard. The allografts were implanted at L4\u20105 according to vendor specifications in male athymic rats, with 15 rats in each group. MicroCT scans were performed at 48\u2009hours and 6\u2009weeks post\u2010implantation. The rats were euthanized 6\u2009weeks after surgery and the lumbar spines were harvested for X\u2010ray, manual palpation and histology analysis by blinded reviewers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>By manual palpation, five of 15 rats of the syngeneic bone group were fused at 6\u2009weeks. While Trinity ELITE had eight of 15 and Cellentra 11 of 15 rats with stable fusion, only 2 of 15 of ViviGen\u2010implanted spines were fused and zero of 15 of the Osteocel Pro, Bio4 and Map3 produced stable fusion. MicroCT analysis indicated that total bone volume increased from day 0 to week 6 for all groups except syngeneic bone group. Trinity ELITE (65%) and Cellentra (73%) had significantly greater bone volume increases over all other implants, which was consistent with the histological analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trinity ELITE and Cellentra were significantly better than other implants at forming new bone and achieving spinal fusion in this rat model at week 6. These results suggest that there may be large differences in the ability of different CBMs to elicit a successful fusion in the posterolateral spine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]],"date-time":"2020-03-16T03:58:41Z","timestamp":1584331121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comparing cellular bone matrices for posterolateral spinal fusion in a rat model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Cliff","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Oregon Health &amp; Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8008-9636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nianli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthofix Medical Inc  Lewisville Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik I.","family":"Waldorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthofix Medical Inc  Lewisville Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Punsalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Oregon Health &amp; 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