{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T22:43:48Z","timestamp":1781477028526,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05163206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05163206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JOR Spine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) refers to a three\u2010dimensional spinal deformity which has a typical onset during adolescence. In most cases, the cause of the deformity cannot be clearly identified. Unbalanced paraspinal muscle activity in AIS patients was reported and hypoxia was implicated to regulate myogenesis. This study aims to investigate the association between myogenesis\/muscle toning and HIF\u2010\u03b1s activity in the pathogenesis of AIS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIF\u2010\u03b1s expression was examined by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay and western blot in paraspinal myoblasts isolated from 18 subjects who underwent deformity correction surgery. QPCR was conducted to measure the gene expression levels of perinatal muscle fiber markers <jats:italic>MYH3<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>MYH8<\/jats:italic>; slow twitch muscle fiber markers <jats:italic>MHY7<\/jats:italic>; fast twitch muscle fiber markers <jats:italic>MYH4<\/jats:italic>; and myogenic regulatory factors <jats:italic>MYF5<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>MYOG<\/jats:italic>. Slow and fast twitch muscle fiber composition in concave\/convex paraspinal musculature of AIS subjects was evaluated by immunostaining of myosin heavy chain type I (MyHC I) and myosin heavy chain type II (MyHC II).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reduced HIF\u20102\u03b1 induction under hypoxia was found in paraspinal myoblast culture of 33% AIS subjects. We detected a suppression of perinatal and slow twitch muscle fiber associated genes, but not fast twitch muscle fiber\u2010associated genes and myogenic regulatory factors in HIF\u20102\u03b1 misexpressed AIS myoblasts. Distinct reduction of slow twitch muscle fiber was evidenced in convex paraspinal musculature, suggesting an asymmetric expression of slow twitch muscle fiber in HIF\u20102\u03b1 misexpressed AIS patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study indicates an association of abnormal HIF\u20102\u03b1 expression in paraspinal myoblasts and a disproportionate slow twitch muscle fiber content in the convexity of the curvature in a subset of AIS subjects, suggesting HIF\u20102\u03b1 dysregulation as a possible risk factor for AIS. The role of HIF\u20102\u03b1 in paraspinal muscle function during spinal growth and its relevance in AIS prognosis warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T15:55:44Z","timestamp":1667404544000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Slow twitch paraspinal muscle dysregulation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis exhibiting HIF\u20102\u03b1 misexpression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8331-5646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wai Kit","family":"Tam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason P. Y.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Orthopaedic Medical Center HKU\u2010Shenzhen Hospital  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Koljonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenny Y. H.","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Orthopaedic Medical Center HKU\u2010Shenzhen Hospital  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth M.C.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Orthopaedic Medical Center HKU\u2010Shenzhen Hospital  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3406-7225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Y. L.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Orthopaedic Medical Center HKU\u2010Shenzhen Hospital  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138920208783884874"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(12)60112\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2639"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet\u20102013\u2010102067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13013\u2010016\u20100067\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632\u2010200206010\u201000009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050077"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a3c7a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102613.2010.00707.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.079665"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010003\u20100872\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.202762"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1016089107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999.0000000000000027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20765"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.538"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI96208"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10974\u2010011\u20109267\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1169"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632\u2010199002000\u201000001"}],"container-title":["JOR SPINE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jsp2.1227","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jsp2.1227","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jsp2.1227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T21:45:02Z","timestamp":1692567902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jsp2.1227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jsp2.1227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsp2.1227","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2572-1143","2572-1143"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2572-1143","type":"print"},{"value":"2572-1143","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e1227"}}