{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:40:13Z","timestamp":1789731613485,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018M630968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M630968"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81802130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81802130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018A030310462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A030310462"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JOR Spine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low back pain or sciatic pain because of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LDH) is caused by mechanical compression and\/or an inflammatory component on the nerve root. However, it is difficult to define to what extent each component contributes to the pain. This study attempted to explore the effects of macrophage polarization on clinical symptoms in patients experiencing LDH after surgery, and investigated the association between macrophage cell percentages and clinical efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study retrospectively harvested nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue samples from 117 patients. Clinical symptoms and efficacy using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were evaluated at different time points preoperatively and postoperatively. CD68, CCR7, CD163, and CD206 were selected as macrophage phenotypic markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010six samples showed positive expression of macrophage markers in NP samples of patients with LDH, whereas 41 patients displayed negative results. No significant differences were detected between the two groups, involvement of several demographic data, and preoperative clinical findings. With respect to the macrophage\u2010positive group, no significant correlation was detected between the positive rate of the four markers and the VAS score or ODI after surgery. However, patients with NP samples positive for CD68 and CCR7 expression showed significantly lower VAS scores 1 week after surgery compared with those in the negative group. Moreover, the improvement in VAS score showed a strong positive correlation with CD68\u2010 and CCR7\u2010positive cell percentages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results indicated that pro\u2010inflammatory M1 macrophages may be associated with the reduction of chronic pain after surgery. Therefore, these findings contribute to better personalized pharmacological interventions for patients with LDH, considering the heterogeneity of pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T09:49:08Z","timestamp":1674726548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Influence of macrophage polarization in herniated nucleus pulposus tissue on clinical efficacy after lumbar discectomy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Xiao\u2010Chuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Gaozhou People's Hospital  Maoming Guangdong China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital  Maoming 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