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Causes of IVD degeneration are multifactorial, and diet, age, and diabetes have all been linked to IVD degeneration. Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) accumulate in the IVD as a result of aging, diet, and diabetes, and AGE accumulation in the IVD has been shown to induce oxidative stress and catabolic activity that result in collagen damage. An association between AGE accumulation and IVD degeneration is emerging, yet mechanism behind this association remains unclear. The Receptor for AGEs (RAGE) is thought to induce catabolic responses in the IVD, and the AGE receptor Galectin 3 (Gal3) had a protective effect in other tissue systems but has not been evaluated in the IVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used an IVD organ culture model with genetically modified mice to analyze the roles of RAGE and Gal3 in an AGE challenge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gal3 was protective against an AGE challenge in the murine IVD ex vivo, limiting collagen damage and biomechanical property changes. Gal3 receptor levels in the AF significantly decreased upon an AGE challenge. RAGE was necessary for AGE\u2010induced collagen damage in the IVD, and RAGE receptor levels in the AF significantly increased upon AGE challenge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest both RAGE and Gal3 are important in the IVD response to AGEs and highlight Gal3 as an important receptor with protective effects on collagen damage. This research improves understanding the mechanisms of AGE\u2010induced IVD degeneration and suggests Gal3 receptor modulation as a potential target for preventative and therapeutic treatment for IVD degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T05:07:24Z","timestamp":1679980044000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Galectin\u20103 and RAGE differentially control advanced glycation endproduct\u2010induced collagen damage in murine intervertebral disc organ culture"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7512-9122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary S.","family":"Gallate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leni &amp; Peter W. 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May Department of Orthopedics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2186-0590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James C.","family":"Iatridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leni &amp; Peter W. 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