{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:27:39Z","timestamp":1778776059110,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JOR Spine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed the influence of the location of the upper and lower cement on the sandwich vertebrae (SV) by computer finite element analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A finite element model of the spinal segment of T11\u2010L1 was constructed and 6\u2009mL of cement was built into T11 and L1 simultaneously. According to the various distributions of bone cement at T11 and L1, the following four groups were formed: (i) Group B\u2010B: bilateral bone cement reinforcement in both T11 and L1 vertebral bodies; (ii) Group L\u2010B: left unilateral reinforcement in T11 and bilateral reinforcement in L1; (iii) Group L\u2010R: unilateral cement reinforcement in both T11 and L1 (cross); (iv) Group L\u2010L: unilateral cement reinforcement in both T11 and L1 (ipsilateral side). The maximum von Mises stress (VMS) and maximum displacement of the SV and intervertebral discs were compared and analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The maximum VMS of T12 was in the order of size: group B\u2010B\u2009&lt;\u2009L\u2010B\u2009&lt;\u2009L\u2010R\u2009&lt;\u2009L\u2010L. Group B\u2010B showed the lowest maximum VMS values for T12: 19.13, 18.86, 25.17, 25.01, 19.24, and 20.08\u2009MPa in six directions of load flexion, extension, left and right lateral bending, and left and right rotation, respectively, while group L\u2010L was the largest VMS in each group, with the maximum VMS in six directions of 21.55, 21.54, 30.17, 28.33, 19.88, and 25.27\u2009MPa, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with the uneven distribution of bone cement in the upper and lower adjacent vertebrae (ULAV), the uniform distribution of bone cement in the ULAV reduced and uniformed the stress load on the SV and intervertebral disc. Theoretically, it can lead to the lowest incidence of sandwich vertebral fracture and the slowest rate of intervertebral disc degeneration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T15:24:36Z","timestamp":1718983476000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Static study and numerical simulation of the influence of cement distribution in the upper and lower adjacent vertebrae on sandwich vertebrae in osteoporotic patients: Finite element analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3373-4146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaolong","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Graduate school of Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou 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