{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:13:08Z","timestamp":1788955988977,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN\u20102017\u201004841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN\u20102017\u201004841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JOR Spine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disc degeneration (DD) is accompanied by biomechanical changes in the intervertebral discs. The lamellae of the annulus fibrosus (AF) are interconnected through the interlamellar matrix (ILM). The ILM contains interlamellar cross\u2010bridges, connecting the lamellae radially in three dimensions. Weakening of the ILM and the cross\u2010bridges could contribute to delamination between the lamellae, reducing their ability to resist loads and thus contributing to loss of AF integrity associated with the development and progression of degeneration. The objective of the present study was to quantify the differences in interlamellar mechanical properties of fresh AF samples from surgical DD individuals compared to AF samples from non\u2010DD donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An interlamellar peel test was performed on fresh AF tissue collected from DD surgeries (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200936) and non\u2010DD organ donors (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913). The tissue was peeled at 0.5\u2009mm\/s until complete separation. Interlamellar mechanical properties were calculated from the force\u2010displacement curve.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Samples from DD individuals had lower Peel Stiffness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), Peel Strength (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), Peel Toughness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0009), and Standard Deviation of the Peel Stress (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) compared to the tissue from non\u2010DD organ donors. Age had moderate negative correlations with Peel Stiffness (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.59), Peel Strength (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.66), and Peel Toughness (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.69) for non\u2010DD samples only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mechanical integrity of the ILM was determined to be lower in surgical DD individuals compared to non\u2010DD donors. Aging alone may not have affected the results, and rather, loss of the integrity of ILM during disease progression appeared to have significantly contributed to the differences observed. This study provides new mechanical insights into the delamination often observed in the AF of surgical DD individuals. Future biochemical and immunolocalization studies, integrated with mechanical data, will aim to understand the role of collagen and elastin structure and composition in the decreased mechanical integrity of affected tissues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.70067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T17:08:37Z","timestamp":1747242517000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Human Disc Degeneration Is Accompanied by a Loss of Anterior Annulus Fibrosus Interlamellar Matrix Integrity as Assessed by Peel Tests"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5386-8762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manmeet S.","family":"Dhiman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Salaam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor J.","family":"Bader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Nicholls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Bradley","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth C.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Bouchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul T.","family":"Salo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3446-3105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ganesh","family":"Swamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil A.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230902"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/aim.22.4.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075\u2010016\u20101131\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010015\u20103903\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010016\u20104715\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03008208909103905"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2011.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107580.2009.01076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010007\u20100538\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31817bb92c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00299447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000943"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107580.2007.00707.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22778"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"202","article-title":"What Happens When Tendons Bend and Twist? Proteoglycans","volume":"4","author":"Vogel K. G.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Histochemistry Defines a Proteoglycan\u2010Rich Layer in Bovine Flexor Tendon Subjected to Bending","volume":"5","author":"Vogel K. G.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632\u2010199106000\u201000008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000173899.97415.5b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000231761.73859.2c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200212010-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199503150-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199602150-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100150605"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350\u20104533(00)00053\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237\u2010011\u20100328\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021\u20109290(98)00046\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439\u2010018\u20102056\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201074107\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2011.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010012\u20102308\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.07.489"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.883268"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815a59a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010005\u20101029\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4031416"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632\u2010199812010\u201000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107580.2012.01551.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19080\/JHNSS.2017.01.555569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v042.i08"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632\u2010199512150\u201000010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439\u2010007\u20109421\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107580.2006.00610.x"}],"container-title":["JOR SPINE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jsp2.70067","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T15:37:36Z","timestamp":1750952256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jsp2.70067"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jsp2.70067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsp2.70067","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2572-1143","2572-1143"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2572-1143","type":"print"},{"value":"2572-1143","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70067"}}