{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:49:23Z","timestamp":1786978163501,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JOR Spine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic low back pain is a global socioeconomic crisis, and the majority of those treated for this condition fail to reach long\u2010term remission. Intervertebral disc degeneration is the predominant associative factor in chronic low back pain. Degenerated discs present with mechanical instability, inflammation, and nerve sprouting. Patients treated with spinal stabilizing procedures often report pain alleviation indicating aberrant spinal mechanics, could be causative in the production of pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With this knowledge, a therapeutic was engineered from decellularized healthy porcine nucleus pulposus tissue mixed with type I collagen and a chemical crosslinker, genipin, to treat mechanical instability and pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vitro, this hydrogel, termed dNP+, was spontaneously fibrillogenic at 37\u00b0C and cytocompatible with primary human disc cells and exhibited the capacity to improve the intervertebral disc storage modulus after injury. In\u00a0vivo, in a rat model of discogenic low back pain, dNP+ proved effective at restoring degenerated disc volume, decreasing axial hypersensitivity, and decreasing spontaneous pain\u2010like behavior when administered 9\u2009weeks after disc degeneration was initiated. However, dNP+ did not alter nerve presence or restore disc morphology when compared to injured discs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conclusion:\u00a0Altogether, the data collected in this study concluded that dNP+ was an effective treatment for pain\u2010like behavior in a robust animal model of chronic disc\u2010associated low back pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.70073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T01:11:53Z","timestamp":1747357913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Restores Disc Volume and Alleviates Axial Hypersensitivity in a Rat Model of Disc\u2010Associated Pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"David 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5735-6284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Wachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Systems Engineering University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln  Lincoln Nebraska 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