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The models were then subjected to rapid pull\u2010up and stable hovering maneuvers to specifically analyze the correlation between seat inclination angles (17\u00b0 and 22\u00b0) and lumbar injuries with different spondylolysis states.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicate that the biomechanical responses of three lumbar models under both seat angles remain below injury thresholds. However, the occurrence of spondylolysis at a 22\u00b0 angle poses a higher risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings are expected to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing seat designs and formulating lumbar protection strategies for pilots with spondylolysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.70158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T03:55:25Z","timestamp":1770004525000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biomechanical Analysis and Injury Prediction in Pilots With Lumbar Spondylolysis Under Different Seat Inclination Angles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiatao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianxiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1953-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"668","article-title":"Progress in Animal Experimental Research on the Physiological Response to Persistent High +Gz Acceleration","volume":"27","author":"Jia Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Laboratorium Animalis Scientia Sinica"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192013413"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10409-024-24016-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Return to Flight Duty (RTFD) After Posterior Lumbar Spine Surgery for Symptomatic Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) and Lumbar Isthmic Spondylolisthesis (LIS) in Chinese Military Pilots","volume":"25","author":"Yang F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20160404-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Expert Advice on Imaging Diagnosis and Medical Identification of Lumbar Spondylolysis Among Military Pilots","volume":"37","author":"Li X. 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