{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T11:46:39Z","timestamp":1782301599160,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008977","name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KNM\u00dc.031.02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KNM\u00dc.031.02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008977","name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Hertha\u2010Nathorff\u2010Programme"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Hertha\u2010Nathorff\u2010Programme"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JOR Spine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postmenopausal females are at increased risk of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration due to estrogen decline. While both estrogen supplementation and low\u2010magnitude high\u2010frequency vibration (LMHFV) are proposed as therapies for osteoporosis, their effects and potential interactions on IVD degeneration remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the individual and combined effects of 17\u03b2\u2010oestradiol (E2) and LMHFV in a papain (PP)\u2010induced ex\u00a0vivo model of IVD degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bovine IVDs were degraded with PP (65\u2009U\/mL) and subsequently treated with E2 (10\n                      <jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009M), LMHFV (45\u2009Hz, 0.3\u2009g, 20\u2009min\/day), or both; untreated discs served as controls. Gene expression was analyzed on Day 8. On Day 21, cell viability, DNA content, extracellular matrix components (glycosaminoglycan [GAG], collagen), inflammatory (interleukin\u20106 [IL\u20106]) and catabolic (matrix metalloproteinase\u20103 [MMP\u20103]) markers, and annular stiffness and strength were assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PP digestion reduced cell viability and decreased GAG content, while increasing IL\u20106 and MMP\u20103 production. Treatment with E2 partially restored\n                      <jats:italic>ESR1<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression but did not affect cell viability or matrix metabolism. LMHFV (PP\u2009+\u2009LMHFV group) significantly increased DNA and GAG content compared with PP alone, whereas the combined treatment (PP\u2009+\u2009E2\u2009+\u2009LMHFV) further elevated IL\u20106 and MMP\u20103 production. Annular stiffness was higher following PP treatment but was normalized by all subsequent treatments.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a severely degenerated IVD model, LMHFV promoted catabolic and inflammatory responses, and E2 treatment was insufficient to counteract these effects. These findings suggest that LMHFV, commonly used to support bone health in osteoporotic patients, may pose risks to IVD integrity in advanced degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.70183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T12:16:08Z","timestamp":1776860168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detrimental Effect of Low\u2010Magnitude High\u2010Frequency Vibration in an Ex\u00a0Vivo Model of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Despite Estrogen Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jan Ulrich","family":"Jansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics Ulm University Hospital  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felizitas","family":"Figel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics Ulm University Hospital  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Widmayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics Ulm University Hospital  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics Ulm University Hospital  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ahrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics Ulm University Hospital  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010Joachim","family":"Wilke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics Ulm University Hospital  Ulm 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