{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:54:03Z","timestamp":1791006843435,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010AR054620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010AR054620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JOR Spine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The spinal endplate region consists of the cartilage endplate (CEP), bony endplate (BEP), and subchondral trabecular bone (STB). Although this region is often involved in vertebral fractures and disrupted with disc degeneration, the biomechanics of these tissues are incompletely understood. The goal of this study was to characterize the mechanical, structural, and compositional properties of the spinal endplate region across aging and disc degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cadaveric human lumbar spine segments (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200945) were imaged with magnetic resonance imaging to assess disc degeneration. BEP and STB microstructure were analyzed with micro\u2010computed tomography. BEP specimens were subjected to four\u2010point\u2010bend testing, and CEP specimens to confined compression testing. BEP and STB composition was measured with ash analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several BEP mechanical properties, including flexural modulus, were associated with structural measures such as bone volume fraction, but showed few correlations to composition. Measures of structure and composition were generally different but correlated between the BEP and STB. Superior and inferior endplates differed from each other in structure but not composition. Apart from the STB microstructure, which became sparser with age in superior endplates, none of the endplate region properties correlated with age or disc degeneration, despite large ranges in values observed for many of these properties, particularly, BEP fracture strain (1%\u201352% strain).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Structural measures are more reliable indicators of endplate region properties than are compositional measures, age, or disc degeneration. The BEP may play an important, independent role in spine function, due to its range in ductility and limited correspondence in properties to those of neighboring tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.70223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:20:41Z","timestamp":1791004841000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biomechanical, Structural, and Composition Characterization of the Vertebra\u2010Disc Interface"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9840-8409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neilesh R.","family":"Frings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Center for Multiscale and Translational Mechanobiology Boston University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5555-4308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harrah R.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware  Newark Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6288-3675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faysal M.","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware  Newark Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5353-9196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica A.","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Center for Multiscale and Translational Mechanobiology Boston University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4792-1029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawn M.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware  Newark Delaware USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3994-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elise F.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Center for Multiscale and Translational Mechanobiology Boston University  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"The Aging Spine","author":"Ferguson S.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100033\u20101347298"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198902000-00005","article-title":"Biochemical and Structural Properties of the Cartilage End\u2010Plate and Its Relation to the Intervertebral Disc","volume":"14","author":"Roberts S.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.106939"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4038609","article-title":"Differences in Trabecular Microarchitecture and Simplified Boundary Conditions Limit the Accuracy of Quantitative Computed Tomography\u2010Based Finite Element Models of","volume":"140","author":"Hussein A. I.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JBMR.3220"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2017.10.05","article-title":"Identifying Osteoporotic Vertebral Endplate and Cortex Fractures","volume":"7","author":"W\u00e1ng Y.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2015.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.78B6.0780965"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40610\u2010018\u20100105\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010025\u201008712\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22516"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199301000-00019","article-title":"End\u2010Plate Displacement During Compression of Lumbar Vertebra\u2010Disc\u2010Vertebra Segments and the Mechanism of Failure","volume":"18","author":"Holmes A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)90056-6","article-title":"Predicting the Compressive Mechanical Behavior of Bone","volume":"27","author":"Keller T. S.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JOR.1100080416"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2024.112131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.05.14.444250"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.4.681"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115147"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756\u20103282(02)00686\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21513"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carj.2016.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00586\u2010012\u20102168\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2006.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000925"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199605150-00006","article-title":"The Human Lumbar Endplate: Evidence of Changes in Biosynthesis and Denaturation of the Extracellular Matrix With Growth, Maturation, Aging, and","volume":"21","author":"Antoniou J.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/8756\u20103282(94)90817\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01834064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.10.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2223"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290041101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060723"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00330\u2010012\u20102591\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200109010-00011","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance Classification of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration","volume":"26","author":"Pfirrmann C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1243"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010025\u201008729\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JOR.22620"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090919"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.10.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/75.2.383"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223\u2010008\u20109158\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23627"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JBMR.2749"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130802480828"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276\u2010024\u201003509\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623\u2010199072040\u201000011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010025\u201008725\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199109000-00003","article-title":"Collagen Types Around the Cells of the Intervertebral Disc and Cartilage End Plate: An Immunolocalization Study","volume":"16","author":"Roberts S.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0142\u20109612(95)91128\u2010L"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.10.1171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.09.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00198\u2010011\u20101701\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00198\u2010004\u20101626\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2013.181","article-title":"Bone Composition: Relationship to Bone Fragility and Antiosteoporotic Drug Effects","volume":"2","author":"Boskey A. L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"BoneKEy Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527619443.ch49","volume-title":"Handbook of Biomineralization","author":"Boskey A. L.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2021.116265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010023\u201009511\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.07.488","article-title":"Severity and Pattern of Post\u2010Traumatic Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Depend on the Type of Injury","volume":"14","author":"Dudli S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200402000-00012","article-title":"Experimental Disc Degeneration due to Endplate Injury","volume":"17","author":"Holm S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301\u2010620X.80B5.0800833"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00586\u2010012\u20102462\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181f72b94.Human"}],"container-title":["JOR SPINE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jsp2.70223","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jsp2.70223","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jsp2.70223","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:20:45Z","timestamp":1791004845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jsp2.70223"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jsp2.70223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsp2.70223","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2572-1143","2572-1143"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2572-1143","type":"print"},{"value":"2572-1143","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70223"}}