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Extraction conditions such as type of solvent, temperature, duration, frequency and power level of ultrasonic were optimized and the influences of different parameters on resolution of alkaloids in CE were studied. The optimized condition for CE separation includes a sodium phosphate buffer (100\u2009mM, pH 3.0) containing 5\u2009mM \u03b1\u2010CD. The optimized extraction conditions for ultrasound\u2010assisted extraction was an extraction time of 1\u2009h, an ultrasonic frequency of 60\u2009kHz with water\u2013methanol (80:20) at 40\u00b0C as the extraction solvent. The LOD for alkaloids was found to be 0.1\u2009\u03bcg\/mL at a signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio of 3:1. The RSDs for peak areas were in the range of 1.4\u20134.4%. The amounts of opium alkaloids (mg\/100\u2009g dried sample) in four Iranian papaver plants were found to be in the range of 7.8\u20138.7 (morphine), 5.5\u20139.5 (codeine) and 1.4\u201310.4 (thebaine). It should be emphasized that no cleanup of the filtered extract was required; hence, direct determination after extraction drastically simplifies the analytical process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201000135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,15]],"date-time":"2010-06-15T13:58:44Z","timestamp":1276610324000},"page":"2153-2159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Optimized ultrasound\u2010assisted extraction procedure for the analysis of opium alkaloids in papaver plants by cyclodextrin\u2010modified capillary electrophoresis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ali Reza","family":"Fakhari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Nojavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samad Nejad","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher John","family":"Evenhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Essential of Pharmaceutical Chemistry","author":"Carins D.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02859662"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.52.1.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)84526-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2787(1999)18:2<119::AID-MAS2>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.53.1446"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4177(01)00066-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4177(98)00046-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2009.06.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.10.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(98)00286-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2005.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"314","volume":"26","author":"Wang B.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. 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