{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T10:23:33Z","timestamp":1772015013719,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,4]],"date-time":"2011-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Separation Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A simple, rapid, and efficient method, dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010fluorescence detector, has been developed for the determination of guaifenesin (GUA) enantiomers in human urine samples after an oral dose administration of its syrup formulation. Urine samples were collected during the time intervals 0\u20132, 2\u20134, and 4\u20136\u2009h and concentration and ratio of two enantiomers was determined. The ratio of <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u2010(\u2212) to <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010(+) enantiomer concentrations in urine showed an increase with time, with <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic> ratios of 0.66 at 2\u2009h and 2.23 at 6\u2009h. For microextraction process, a mixture of extraction solvent (dichloromethane, 100\u2009\u03bcL) and dispersive solvent (THF, 1\u2009mL) was rapidly injected into 5.0\u2009mL diluted urine sample for the formation of cloudy solution and extraction of enantiomers into the fine droplets of CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Cl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. After optimization of HPLC enantioselective conditions, some important parameters, such as the kind and volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, extraction time, temperature, pH, and salt effect were optimized for dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction process. Under the optimum extraction condition, the method yields a linear calibration curve in the concentration range from 10 to 2000\u2009ng\/mL for target analytes. LOD was 3.00\u2009ng\/mL for both of the enantiomers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201100520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,4]],"date-time":"2011-10-04T06:26:35Z","timestamp":1317709595000},"page":"2933-2939","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Using dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography for determination of guaifenesin enantiomers in human urine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Hatami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"Farhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assem","family":"Abdollahpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"8494","volume":"54","author":"Cold A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.82.6.713"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","unstructured":"Fenesin package insert (Dura Pharmaceuticals \u2013 US) Rev1993."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","unstructured":"Shum W. 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