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In this work, a trace peak enrichment approach combined with a cell proliferation assay was applied for screening cancer cell proliferation inhibitors from the extract of <jats:italic>S. miltiorrhiza<\/jats:italic>. A set of 123 peak fractions were prepared, and by comprehensive screening, 21 tanshinones were screened out as cancer cell proliferation inhibitors and their structures were tentatively identified by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time\u2010of\u2010flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The inhibitory activities of nine available screened tanshinones were validated, with their IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values ranging from 0.63 to 28.40\u00a0\u03bcM, indicating their activities strongly inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. This study presents tanshinones that are potential cancer cell proliferation inhibitors and may explain the anti\u2010cancer activity of <jats:italic>S. miltiorrhiza<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201800895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,10]],"date-time":"2018-11-10T01:31:48Z","timestamp":1541813508000},"page":"534-546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Discovery of cancer cell proliferation inhibitors from <i>Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizoma<\/i> by a trace peak enrichment approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Xiao\u2010wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmacognosy School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing P. R. 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