{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:21:14Z","timestamp":1791321674588,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Separation Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This work aimed to determine the chemical composition of 22 e\u2010liquids available on the Slovenian market. Four different gas chromatography (GC) sample introduction techniques; headspace\u2010GC\u2010mass spectrometry (HS\u2010GC\u2010MS), liquid injection\u2010GC\u2010MS (LI\u2010GC\u2010MS), HS\u2010solid\u2010phase microextraction\u2010GC\u2010MS (HS\u2010SPME\u2010GC\u2010MS), and direct\u2010immersion\u2010SPME\u2010GC\u2010MS (DI\u2010SPME\u2010GC\u2010MS) were employed for qualitative analysis. Various experimental parameters were assessed for each GC sample introduction technique to maximize compound identification. Despite e\u2010liquid packaging reporting a maximum of eight compounds, GC\u2010MS identified more compounds in most samples, especially in menthol\u2010flavored (58 identifiable compounds by HS\u2010SPME\u2010GC\u2010MS), followed by nicotine\u2010containing and fruit\u2010flavored samples. HS\u2010SPME\u2010GC\u2010MS identified the highest number of compounds, followed by HS\u2010GC\u2010MS, DI\u2010SPME\u2010GC\u2010MS, and LI\u2010GC\u2010MS. Nicotine quantification in six samples was performed by LI\u2010GC\u2010MS with dilution in methanol. Nicotine concentration in samples ranged from 16.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5 to 18.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4 mg\/mL, which was below the declared concentration of 20\u00a0mg\/mL. Additionally, quantitative analysis of metals in e\u2010liquids was performed by inductively coupled plasma\u2010MS after microwave\u2010assisted wet acid digestion. Iron was the most abundant metal, with its content ranging from 0.024 to 0.354\u00a0\u00b5g\/g. Barium, bismuth, copper, and tin were also determined in several e\u2010liquids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.202400443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T02:57:40Z","timestamp":1726023460000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The analysis of e\u2010liquids: A study on chemical diversity and metal content using gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma\u2010mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Matja\u017e","family":"Ranta\u0161a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Maribor  Maribor Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Majer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Maribor  Maribor Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8302-9284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matja\u017e","family":"Fin\u0161gar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of Maribor  Maribor Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113364"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9120345"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.1c00253"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP279526"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-019-0318-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120504859"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12971-014-0023-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28114425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2023.464114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2019-055447"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2017.08.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-014-1294-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.202000915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2AY00799A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-019-02025-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkv002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-021-01737-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Directive 2014\/40\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning the manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco and related products and repealing Directive 2001\/37\/EC","volume":"127","author":"Commission EU","year":"2014","journal-title":"Off J Eur Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201601076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-019-06762-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c04868"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2003904"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.04.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111864"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2020.110261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5012\/bkcs.2013.34.9.2691"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos11040374"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.1c00285"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c03797"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2016.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041902"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","first-page":"150","article-title":"A table of polyatomic interferences in ICP\u2010MS","volume":"19","author":"May TW","year":"1998","journal-title":"ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY\u2010NORWALK CONNECTICUT\u2010."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","article-title":"Key steps to create a sample preparation strategy for inductively coupled plasma (ICP) or ICP\u2013mass spectrometry (ICP\u2010MS) analysis","volume":"37","author":"Kutscher D","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spectroscopy."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2014.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2015.09.034"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","article-title":"E\u2010cigarette vapours for regulatory compliance and quality control","author":"Barden D","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Notebook"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","unstructured":"MellorA.Analysis of electronic cigarette e\u2010liquids by GC\u2010MS2019 [cited 2024 24.1.]. Available from:https:\/\/www.labmate\u2010online.com\/article\/chromatography\/1\/scion\u2010instruments\u2010uk\u2010ltd\/analysis\u2010of\u2010electronic\u2010cigarette\u2010e\u2010liquids\u2010by\u2010gc\u2010ms\/2650"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18174\/537112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b00842"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.763940"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16132262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2011.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.8b00063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.752342"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000194152.48728.fb"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-00855-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623316638962"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Flavoring chemicals and aldehydes in e\u2010cigarette emissions","author":"Klager S","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa185"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","article-title":"Flavoring agents in e\u2010cigarette liquids: a comprehensive analysis of multiple health risks","volume":"15","author":"Sachdeva J","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.0c00266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.2c00110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","volume-title":"Validation of analytical procedures Q2 (R2)","author":"Guideline ICH","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.flowmeasinst.2016.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2014.07.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20247056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-0232(02)00244-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2010.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","unstructured":"DrugsUNOo LaboratoryC SectionS.Guidance for the validation of analytical methodology and calibration of equipment used for testing of illicit drugs in seized materials and biological specimens: a commitment to quality and continuous improvement: United Nations Publications.2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Requirements for the validation of analytical methods","volume":"76","author":"Peters F","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxichem Krimtech"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","unstructured":"GrayPJ MindakW ChengJ.Inductively coupled plasma\u2010mass spectrometric determination of arsenic cadmium chromium lead mercury and other elements in food using microwave assisted digestion version 1.1. Elemental Analysis Manual US Food and Drug Administration.2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.36.7.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","unstructured":"Action on Smoking and Health (ASH). Use of e\u2010cigarettes (vapes) among adults in Great Britain.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/128319"}],"container-title":["Journal of Separation Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jssc.202400443","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T10:46:43Z","timestamp":1760870803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jssc.202400443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jssc.202400443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jssc.202400443","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1615-9306","1615-9314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1615-9306","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-9314","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2400443"}}