{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T08:45:44Z","timestamp":1764665144156,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21806047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21806047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Separation Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Carbazole derivatives (CZDs) are an important class of nitrogen\u2010containing heterocyclic compounds which have been widely used in photoelectric materials, dyes, medicine, supramolecules and other fields. The ecological risks of CZDs released into environment during the production and product utilization have gradually attracted people's attention. However, for the lack of analytical methods of CZDs in environment, the levels of CZDs entering the environment remain unclear. Herein, an analytical methodology for simultaneous measuring 13 CZDs associated with photoelectric materials in sediment samples has been established by using ultra\u2010high performance liquid chromatography\u2010high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC\u2010HRMS) in combination with a QuEChERS pretreatment technique. The parameters of the sample pretreatment and UHPLC\u2010HRMS analysis were optimized. The established method was validated by evaluating its recovery, accuracy, matrix effect, limits of method detection (LODs), and so on. The instrument detection exhibits a linear response within concentration range of 1 to 1000 \u00b5g\/L, and the LODs were ranged from 0.005 to 0.165 \u00b5g\/kg. The average recoveries for the majority of CZDs were in the ranges of 82.9% \u223c 107.0% (spiked level 25 \u00b5g\/kg), 74.1% \u223c 114.5% (spiked level 10 \u00b5g\/kg) and 53.3% \u223c 123.7% (spiked level 2 \u00b5g\/kg), respectively, and the relative standard deviations of all spiked levels were between 0.47% and 11.30%. The developed methodology was applied to the analysis of twenty sediment samples. A CZD of 2\u2010methoxycarbazole (2\u2010MOCZ) has been firstly detected in the sediments with the concentration up to1.4 \u00b5g\/kg, indicating the environmental occurrence of CZDs and alerting to their potentially ecological risks in the environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.70214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T08:21:23Z","timestamp":1752308483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determination of Carbazole Derivatives Associated With Photoelectric Materials in Sediments Using QuEChERS Pretreatment Coupled With Ultra\u2010High Performance Liquid Chromatography\u2010High Resolution Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Qiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Microbial Transformation and Regulation of Biogenic Elements, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology  Wuhan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dunfan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College Hubei University of Science and Technology  Xianning People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuqing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Microbial Transformation and Regulation of Biogenic Elements, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology  Wuhan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Microbial Transformation and Regulation of Biogenic Elements, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering Wuhan Institute of 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Key Laboratory of Microbial Transformation and Regulation of Biogenic Elements, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology  Wuhan People's Republic of 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