{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:41:24Z","timestamp":1787240484187,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Separation Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The aim of this study was to identify a safer solvent system to reduce toxic chloroform usage, consisting of a mixture of acetonitrile, methanol, and water, for the preparation of cannabis samples. A comparison among I\u2010optimal, D\u2010optimal, and A\u2010optimal experimental designs for Charlotte's Angel and Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan cultivars was conducted. Results indicated that the I\u2010optimal and D\u2010optimal designs exhibited similar contour plot patterns and design spaces, which differed from those of the A\u2010optimal design. The optimal solvent mixture that maximized both cannabidiol and \u2206\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010tetrahydrocannabinol for both cultivars was acetonitrile:methanol:water in the ratio 0.571:0.0890:0.340, demonstrating that this safer mixture performed comparably to the standard methanol:chloroform (9:1) system. The cannabidiol and \u2206\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010tetrahydrocannabinol contents extracted using the optimal mixture were not significantly different from those obtained with the chloroform\u2010containing system, confirming its effectiveness. Furthermore, during a 28\u2010day study period, cannabidiol and \u2206\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010tetrahydrocannabinol stored at 4 and \u201020\u00b0C remained stable, with no significant differences observed. In conclusion, the I\u2010optimal design effectively optimized the cannabis sample preparation using a safer solvent mixture, reducing chloroform usage while maintaining comparable extraction efficiency and stable cannabinoid content.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.70278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T16:25:22Z","timestamp":1758385522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Optimizing Cannabis Sample Preparation to Reduce Chloroform Usage: A Comparison of I\u2010Optimal, D\u2010Optimal, and A\u2010Optimal Designs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0553-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaowalit","family":"Monton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug and Herbal Product Research and Development Center College of Pharmacy Rangsit University  Pathum Thani 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Pharmacy Rangsit University  Pathum Thani Thailand"},{"name":"Medicinal Cannabis Research Institute College of Pharmacy Rangsit University  Pathum Thani 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