{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T23:01:02Z","timestamp":1784329262971,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Separation Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The determination of pesticide residues in spices is analytically challenging due to their high content of essential oils and secondary metabolites that could interfere with detection and quantification. In this study, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), using green co\u2010solvents, was evaluated for the extraction of 44 pesticides from black pepper (\n                    <jats:italic>Piper nigrum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The extraction performance of bio\u2010ethanol (bio\u2010EtOH) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was compared under mild operating conditions. Optimal recoveries were obtained with 10% DMC, yielding an average of 92.6% across 44 pesticides, comparable to 93.7% using bio\u2010EtOH. Method performance was assessed by low\u2010pressure gas chromatography\u2013triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LP\u2010GC\u2010QqQMS). Linearity was achieved over the tested range, with limits of detection (within the range 0.1\u201317.9\u00a0\u00b5g kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and quantification (within the range 0.3\u201359.8\u00a0\u00b5g kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) always below European Union (EU) maximum residue levels (MRLs). Accuracy ranged from 74.4% to 107.7%, with intra\u2010day precision between 0.8% and 16.1%. A pronounced matrix effect was observed (average ionization suppression: \u221247.6%). The application of the validated method to commercial black pepper samples revealed the presence of diphenylamine, quinalphos, and phosalone, with only quinalphos exceeding EU MRLs. These findings demonstrate that SFE with DMC as a co\u2010solvent provides an efficient, greener, and reliable extraction approach for multi\u2010residue pesticide analysis in a complex spice matrix. The combination of SFE with LP\u2010GC\u2010QqQMS supports the implementation of greener and high\u2010throughput monitoring workflows for complex spice matrices.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.70368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T13:25:22Z","timestamp":1770557122000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction With Dimethyl Carbonate and Bio\u2010Ethanol as Co\u2010Solvents for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Black Pepper by Low\u2010Pressure Gas Chromatography\u2013Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Alessia","family":"Arena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chromaleont S.R.L., c\/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariosimone","family":"Zoccali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Mondello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chromaleont S.R.L., c\/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"},{"name":"Messina Institute of Technology c\/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"\u201cBlack Pepper Market Size Share Trends and Forecast by Product Source Form Distribution Channel Application and Region 2025\u20132033 \u201dIMARC Group accessed October 2025 https:\/\/www.imarcgroup.com\/black\u2010pepper\u2010market."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10122692"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24071364"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1565489"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"\u201cEuropean Pesticides Database \u201dEuropean Commission accessed October 2025 https:\/\/food.ec.europa.eu\/plants\/pesticides\/eu\u2010pesticides\u2010database_en."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"\u201cGood Agricultural Practices for Greenhouse Vegetable Production in South Eastern European Countries \u201dFood and Agriculture Organization (FAO) accessed October 2025 https:\/\/openknowledge.fao.org\/items\/ea6afabf\u2010f7cb\u201045a0\u2010b067\u20101c289d9a7130."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"\u201cAnalytical Quality Control and Method Validation Procedures for Pesticide Residues Analysis in Food and Feed\u2013SANTE 11312\/2021 v2 \u201dEURL published January 1 2024 https:\/\/www.eurl\u2010pesticides.eu\/userfiles\/file\/EurlALL\/SANTE\u201011312_2021\u2010V2.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197\u2010020\u201004605\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.132915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25041012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoacint\/qsad080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131418"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.202100047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216\u2010025\u201006009\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2025.118371"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2021.462097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.141528"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2020.461596"}],"container-title":["Journal 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