{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:35:32Z","timestamp":1790422532786,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Separation Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Additive manufacturing is transforming how microfluidic devices are prototyped and fabricated. Among various 3D printing methods, stereolithography (SLA) has become a dominant technique for microfluidics due to its high resolution and design flexibility, with widespread use in lab\u2010on\u2010a\u2010chip applications. However, intrinsic limitations of SLA printing, such as challenges related to multi\u2010material integration and microstructure fabrication in enclosed channels, continue to hinder the development of more complex microsystems, especially for analytical separation and tissue engineering applications. In this paper, we present a multiphase flow\u2010assisted in situ 3D printing method to address these challenges, developed based on our previously reported in situ 3D polymerization (IS\u20103DP) concept. Our method utilizes an aqueous two\u2010phase system (ATPS) to generate sequential printing layers through controlled fluidic confinement and integrates an image\u2010guided alignment system to enable precise projection of printing patterns in microchannels. We demonstrate that viscosity tuning of the ATPS printing and blocking phases enables dynamic control of layer thickness, allowing customized and adaptive design of the 3D structure slicing. The image\u2010guided alignment system employs a homography transformation mechanism to map the projection and printing planes via image feedback, providing real\u2010time mask alignment with microchannel geometries. We characterize the mapping accuracy and projection fidelity and demonstrate the capability of this method by direct in\u2010channel fabrication of complex 3D microstructures such as pyramids, cuboids, bridge\u2010like void structures, as well as multi\u2010material patterns. We envision the multiphase flow\u2010assisted in situ 3D printing to offer a versatile tool for spatially controlled, high\u2010fidelity, and multi\u2010material microfabrication within confined microchannels in novel lab\u2010on\u2010a\u2010chip applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.70371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:25:49Z","timestamp":1770884749000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Integrating Optical Feedback Alignment and Fluidic Control for Multiphase Flow\u2010Assisted In Situ 3D Printing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Ramirez\u2010Alvarado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Passmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areli","family":"Romero\u2010Rendon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gongchen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0226620"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378\u2010024\u201000812\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2LC01177H"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Additive Manufacturing\u2014General Principles\u2014Fundamentals and Vocabulary","author":"ASTM 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