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Data\u2010assisted chromatography can support this process, but current evidence does not yet establish the autonomous purification of crude natural\u2010product extracts. This review reframes the field as decision support for staged purification workflows, including analytical profiling, target localization, fraction enrichment, semi\u2010preparative transfer, preparative isolation, and purity or recovery confirmation. We evaluate how retention prediction, global retention modeling, Bayesian optimization, active learning, reinforcement learning, and feedback\u2010driven method development can support different decisions, and where their current boundaries lie. Particular attention is given to chromatographic decision quality, defined by improvements in relevant outcomes such as elution\u2010window selection, target enrichment, fraction purity, recovery, activity retention, solvent burden, robustness, and preparative transferability. The review distinguishes currently implementable tools, near\u2010term human\u2010supervised workflows, and aspirational autonomous systems. Worked examples and evidence\u2010readiness tables are used to show how prediction, optimization, feedback, and expert review can be connected without overstating the maturity of the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.70484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T05:26:21Z","timestamp":1783056381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chromatographic Purification of Complex Natural Products as a Decision Problem: Retention Prediction, Adaptive Optimization, and Experimental Feedback"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Yifei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Enze Key Laboratory of Biomass Fine Chemicals Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enze Key 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