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This study used structural equation modeling procedures to examine the complex interplay among predeployment, war\u2010zone, and postdeployment factors as they relate to PTSS in a sample of Gulf War I veterans. A primary goal was to determine to what extent previously documented associations among Vietnam veterans would replicate in this more contemporary veteran cohort. Results supported a multivariate etiological perspective on PTSS, with war\u2010zone factors accounting for the largest proportion of variance in PTSS. 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