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Hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that 6\u2010week PTSD symptoms (PTSS) and 3\u2010month nightmares, but not 2\u2010week nightmares were positively associated with sleep onset and maintenance problems reported at 3\u2010month post\u2010MVA. Nightmares reported at 3\u2010months post\u2010MVA were positively associated with 1\u2010year sleep maintenance problems. These findings highlight the dynamic relationship between PTSS and sleep problems as well as the potential importance of early intervention for trauma\u2010related nightmares as a means to prevent sleep problems after a traumatic experience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]],"date-time":"2008-12-23T11:06:34Z","timestamp":1230030394000},"page":"548-555","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Effects of early nightmares on the development of sleep disturbances in motor vehicle accident victims"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ihori","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eve M.","family":"Sledjeski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"Spoonster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"William F.","family":"Fallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas L.","family":"Delahanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.101.2.246"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.136.10.1257"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"A clinician rating scale for assessing current and lifetime PTSD: The CAPS\u20101","volume":"13","author":"Blake D. 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