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The authors examined this question in a panel of 522 National Guard soldiers (462 men and 60 women) poised for deployment to Iraq. Soldiers completed a battery of self\u2010report measures, including the PTSD Checklist, Beck Depression Inventory\u2010II, and scales from the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory. Modest differences were observed between women and men on predeployment risk factors and some risk\u2010related correlations with PTSD and depression measures; however, gender did not moderate the associations between hypothesized risk\/resilience factors and baseline mental health. 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