{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T21:47:48Z","timestamp":1791150468337,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,22]],"date-time":"2011-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1313971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined the long\u2010term mental health outcomes of 2,960 nonrescue disaster workers deployed to the World Trade Center site in New York City following the September 11, 2001 (9\/11) terrorist attacks. Semistructured interviews and standardized self\u2010report measures were used to assess the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychopathology 4 and 6 years after the attacks. Clinician\u2010measured rates of PTSD and partial PTSD 4\u2010years posttrauma were 8.4% and 8.9%, respectively, in a subsample of 727 individuals. Rates decreased to 5.8% and 7.7% for full and partial PTSD 6 years posttrauma. For the larger sample, self\u2010report scores revealed probable PTSD and partial PTSD prevalence to be 4.8% and 3.6% at 4 years, and 2.4% and 1.8% at 6 years. Approximately 70% of workers never met criteria for PTSD. Although PTSD rates decreased significantly over time, many workers remained symptomatic, with others showing delayed\u2010onset PTSD. The strongest predictors of ongoing PTSD 6 years following 9\/11 were trauma history (odds ratio (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>) = 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.06, 4.85]); the presence of major depressive disorder 1\u20132 years following the trauma (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 2.80, 95% CI [1.17, 6.71]); and extent of occupational exposure (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 1.31, 95% CI [1.13, 1.51]). The implications of the findings for both screening and treatment of disaster workers are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T21:35:21Z","timestamp":1314826521000},"page":"506-514","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["The longitudinal course of PTSD among disaster workers deployed to the World Trade Center following the attacks of September 11th"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Judith","family":"Cukor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Wyka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Olden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimali","family":"Jayasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cezar","family":"Giosan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Crane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JoAnn","family":"Difede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000228503.95503.e9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20026"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"A clinician rating scale for assessing current and lifetime PTSD: the CAPS\u20101","volume":"13","author":"Blake D. 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