{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:20:52Z","timestamp":1792797652866,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,6]],"date-time":"2011-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1315267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Research has consistently demonstrated that stress reactions to potentially traumatic events do not represent a unified phenomenon. Instead, individuals tend to cluster into prototypical response patterns over time including chronic symptoms, recovery, and resilience. We examined heterogeneity in a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom course in a sample of 178 active\u2010duty police officers following exposure to a life\u2010threatening event using latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM). This analysis revealed 3 discrete PTSD symptom trajectories: resilient (88%), distressed\u2013improving (10%), and distressed\u2013worsening (2%). We further examined whether trait and peritraumatic dissociation distinguished these symptom trajectories. Findings indicate that trait and peritraumatic dissociation differentiated the resilient from the distressed\u2013improving trajectory (trait, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05; peritraumatic, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001), but only peritraumatic dissociation differentiated the resilient from the distressed\u2013worsening trajectory (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). It is essential to explore heterogeneity in symptom course and its predictors among active\u2010duty police officers, a repeatedly exposed group. These findings suggest that police officers may be a highly resilient group overall. Furthermore, though there is abundant evidence that dissociation has a positive linear relationship with PTSD symptoms, this study demonstrates that degree of dissociation can distinguish between resilient and symptomatic groups of individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,6]],"date-time":"2011-09-06T18:43:06Z","timestamp":1315334586000},"page":"557-565","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Peritraumatic and trait dissociation differentiate police officers with resilient versus symptomatic trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Isaac R.","family":"Galatzer\u2010Levy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Madan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Neylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Henn\u2010Haase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles R.","family":"Marmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6494.00152"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198612000-00004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1037\/1942-9681.S.1.101","article-title":"Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events","author":"Bonanno G. A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.5.671"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.27.5.659"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.88.6.984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490100105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"328","article-title":"Dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam combat veterans","volume":"143","author":"Bremner J. D.","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.105.4.617"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199708000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.92.4.745"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.4.526"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.2.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018601"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199504000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.6.4.352"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157340007781369694"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-279"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","volume-title":"L'automatisme psychologique [Psychological automatisms]","author":"Janet P.","year":"1889"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10008-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00184-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","volume-title":"Trauma and the Vietnam war generation: Report of the findings from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study","author":"Kulka R. A.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.103.1.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/88.3.767"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181b975f8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20283"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","volume-title":"Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD","author":"Marmar C.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31818ec95d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20133"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294365"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10099-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"New developments and techniques in structural equation modeling","author":"Muth\u00e9n B. O.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20440"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTS.0000029262.42865.c2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.1.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294360"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.8.1114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.12.1530"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","unstructured":"Weathers F. W. Litz B. T. Huska J. A. &Keane T. M.(1994).The PTSD checklist (PCL). (Available from the National Center for PTSD. VA Medical Center. 215 North Main St. White River Junction. VT 05009\u20100001.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","volume-title":"The PTSD Checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility","author":"Weathers F.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20576"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490050304"}],"container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjts.20684","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jts.20684","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T14:00:44Z","timestamp":1694613644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jts.20684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jts.20684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.20684","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-9867","1573-6598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-9867","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,6]]}}}