{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T02:57:32Z","timestamp":1771210652738,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]],"date-time":"2012-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>It has been hypothesized that those who entered military service in the pre\u2010September 11, 2001 era might have expectations incongruent with their subsequent experiences, increasing the risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other mental disorders. A subset of Millennium Cohort Study participants who joined the military during 1995\u20131999 was selected and compared with a subset of members who joined the military in 2002 or later. Outcomes included new\u2010onset symptoms of PTSD, depression, panic\/anxiety, and alcohol\u2010related problems. Multivariable methods adjusted for differences in demographic and military characteristics. More than 11,000 cohort members were included in the analyses. Those who entered service in the pre\u2010September 11 era had lower odds of new\u2010onset PTSD symptoms (odds ratio [<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>] 0.74, 95% CI [0.59, 0.93]) compared with the post\u2010September 11 cohort. There were no statistically significant differences in rates of new\u2010onset symptoms of depression, panic\/anxiety, or alcohol\u2010related problems between the groups. The cohort who entered military service in the pre\u2010September 11 era did not experience higher rates of new\u2010onset mental health challenges compared with the cohort who entered service after September 11, 2001. Findings support the concept that the experience of war, and resulting psychological morbidity, is not a function of incongruent expectations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]],"date-time":"2012-02-21T17:59:45Z","timestamp":1329847185000},"page":"17-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A comparison of mental health outcomes in persons entering U.S. military service before and after September 11, 2001"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Timothy S.","family":"Wells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret A. 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