{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:44:08Z","timestamp":1773308648550,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]],"date-time":"2012-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined the association between screening results for mental health problems and the number and type of head injuries in 1,082 Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans who received population\u2010based screening for traumatic brain injury at a Veterans Administration health care facility. Nearly one third of all veterans reported multiple types of head injuries (median = 1 among those with any head injury, range = 1\u20136 types of head injury). Veterans reporting multiple head injury mechanisms had 6 times the odds of screening positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), adjusted odds ratio (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>) = 6.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) [4.4, 8.7], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001, over 4 times the odds of screening positive for depression, adjusted <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 4.09, 95% CI [2.8, 5.9], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001, and about twice the odds of screening positive for alcohol misuse, adjusted <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 1.64, 95% CI [1.19, 2.3], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .003, compared to those without head injuries. Veterans reporting a blast plus another head injury mechanism had higher odds of screening positive for all mental health outcomes than any other group (e.g., compared to no head injury group): PTSD, adjusted <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 6.52, 95% CI [4.6, 9.3], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001; depression, adjusted <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 4.42, 95% CI [3.0, 6.4], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001; alcohol misuse, adjusted <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> =1.59, 95% CI [1.14, 2.2], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .006. Given their association with a variety of mental health outcomes, number and type of head injury mechanism should be considered as part of any postdeployment evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]],"date-time":"2012-02-21T17:59:45Z","timestamp":1329847185000},"page":"3-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The impact of head injury mechanism on mental health symptoms in veterans: Do number and type of exposures matter?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Shira","family":"Maguen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Madden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Seal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2004.08.0095"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00403.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bush K. Kivlahan D. R. McDonnell M. B. Fihn S. D. &Bradley K. A.(1998).The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT\u2010C): An effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP). 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