{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:08:54Z","timestamp":1791637734240,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,17]],"date-time":"2012-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1342483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prior studies have argued that the <jats:italic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM\u2010IV)<\/jats:italic> criteria were insensitive for diagnosing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in young children. Four diagnostic criteria sets were examined in 284 3\u2010 to 6\u2010year\u2010old trauma\u2010exposed children. The <jats:italic>DSM\u2010IV<\/jats:italic> criteria resulted in significantly fewer cases (13%) compared to an alternative algorithm for young children (PTSD\u2010AA, 45%), the proposed <jats:italic>DSM\u20105<\/jats:italic> posttraumatic stress in preschool children (44%), and the <jats:italic>DSM\u20105<\/jats:italic> criteria with 2 symptoms that are under consideration by the committee (<jats:italic>DSM\u20105<\/jats:italic>\u2010UC, 49%). Using <jats:italic>DSM\u2010IV<\/jats:italic> as the standard, the misclassification rate was 32% for PTSD\u2010AA, 32% for <jats:italic>DSM\u20105<\/jats:italic>, and 37% for <jats:italic>DSM\u20105<\/jats:italic>\u2010UC. The proposed criteria sets showed high agreement on the presence (100%), but low agreement on the absence (58\u201364%) of diagnoses. The misclassified cases were highly symptomatic, <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> = 7 or more symptoms, and functionally impaired, median = 2 domains impaired. The additional symptoms had little impact. Evidence for convergent validation for the proposed diagnoses was shown with elevations on comorbid disorders and Child Behavior Checklist Total scores compared to a control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 46). When stratified by age (3\u20134 years and 5\u20136 years), diagnoses were still significantly elevated compared to controls. These findings lend support to a developmental subtype for PTSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,19]],"date-time":"2012-07-19T04:25:00Z","timestamp":1342671900000},"page":"359-367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Diagnosing PTSD in early childhood: An empirical assessment of four approaches"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Scheeringa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leann","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank W.","family":"Putnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Zeanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile","author":"Achenbach T. 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