{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:42:25Z","timestamp":1790710945045,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,25]],"date-time":"2012-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) are at increased risk for developing traumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Unfortunately, children who witness IPV are often exposed to additional traumatic events. Previous research has indicated that approximately one third of children experience 2 or more direct victimizations each year, and that exposure to one type of victimization places children at risk for exposure to additional types of victimization. Yet little is known about the impact of these additional traumas on children's functioning. For a sample of 120 preschool children (age 4\u20136 years) exposed to IPV in the past 2 years, 38% were exposed to additional traumatic events, including sexual assaults by family members, physical assaults, serious accidents, and\/or life\u2010threatening illnesses. Those exposed to both IPV and additional traumatic events had higher rates of PTSD diagnoses, traumatic stress symptoms (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic> = 0.96), and internalizing (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic> = 0.86) and externalizing behavior (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic> = 0.47) problems, than those exposed to IPV alone. We also compared DSM\u2010IV diagnostic criteria to proposed criteria for evaluating traumatic stress in preschool\u2010aged children. Results revealed the importance of conducting a complete assessment of traumatic events prior to treating children exposed to IPV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,25]],"date-time":"2012-07-25T16:14:07Z","timestamp":1343232847000},"page":"393-400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["The impact of intimate partner violence and additional traumatic events on trauma symptoms and PTSD in preschool\u2010aged children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sandra A.","family":"Graham\u2010Bermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lana E.","family":"Castor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn H.","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist: 4\u201318 and 1991 profile","author":"Achenbach T. 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