{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:43:43Z","timestamp":1792791823180,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,6]],"date-time":"2012-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is an increasing need to deliver effective mental health services to refugee children and adolescents across the United States; however, the evidence base needed to guide the design and delivery of services is nascent. We investigated the trauma history profiles, psychopathology, and associated behavioral and functional indicators among war\u2010affected refugee children presenting for psychological treatment. From the National Child Traumatic Stress Network's Core Data Set, 60 war\u2010affected refugee children were identified (51.7% males, mean age = 13.1 years, <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> = 4.13). Clinical assessments indicated high rates of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (30.4%), generalized anxiety (26.8%), somatization (26.8%), traumatic grief (21.4%), and general behavioral problems (21.4%). Exposure to war or political violence frequently co\u2010occurred with forced displacement; traumatic loss; bereavement or separation; exposure to community violence; and exposure to domestic violence. Academic problems and behavioral difficulties were prevalent (53.6% and 44.6%, respectively); however, criminal activity, alcohol\/drug use, and self\u2010harm were rare (all &lt; 5.45%). These findings highlight the complex trauma profiles, comorbid conditions, and functional problems that are important to consider in providing mental health interventions for refugee children and adolescents. Given the difficulties associated with access to mental health services for refugees, both preventive and community\u2010based interventions within family, school, and peer systems hold particular promise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,6]],"date-time":"2012-12-06T22:23:16Z","timestamp":1354832596000},"page":"682-690","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Trauma History and Psychopathology in War\u2010Affected Refugee Children Referred for Trauma\u2010Related Mental Health Services in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Theresa S.","family":"Betancourt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Population Harvard School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Fran\u00e7ois\u2010Xavier Bagnoud Center\u00a0for Health and Human Rights Harvard School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Newnham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fran\u00e7ois\u2010Xavier Bagnoud Center\u00a0for Health and Human Rights Harvard School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"School of Psychology The University of Western Australia  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Layne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA\/Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles School of Public Health  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan M.","family":"Steinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA\/Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Birman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Illinois at Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15427600701480980"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583\u2010199906000\u201000020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","unstructured":"American Psychological Association. (2010).Resilience and recovery after war:Refugee children and families in the United States.Washington DC:Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464\u2010011\u20109486\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0002\u20109432.78.1.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","volume-title":"Mental health interventions for refugee children in resettlement white paper II","author":"Birman D.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","unstructured":"Bureau of Population Refugees and Migration. 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