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Participants were sampled from 4 strata: male Iraq\/Afghanistan veterans, female Iraq\/Afghanistan veterans, male prior\u2010era veterans, and female prior\u2010era veterans. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that changes in PTSD severity were significantly associated with changes in aggressive behavior among veterans who reported any aggression at baseline (\u03b2 = .15). Changes in days of alcohol intoxication also were positively associated with changes in aggressive behavior (\u03b2 = .16). Participants with both a benzodiazepine prescription and any baseline aggression were significantly more likely to increase in aggressive behavior over time (\u03b2 = .14). Contrary to our hypotheses, reductions in aggressive behavior were not related to the number of outpatient mental health visits or to first\u2010line recommended psychotropic medications. Results inform assessment and clinical research on changes in aggressive behavior among veterans with PTSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,6]],"date-time":"2012-12-06T22:23:16Z","timestamp":1354832596000},"page":"649-656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Longitudinal Correlates of Aggressive Behavior in Help\u2010Seeking U.S. Veterans With PTSD"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hana J.","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto  California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig S.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System  Menlo Park California USA"},{"name":"Sierra\u2010Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center VA Palo Health Care System  Palo Alto California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Greenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sierra\u2010Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center VA Palo Health Care System  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaili","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto  California USA"},{"name":"National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System  Menlo Park California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893\u20103200.21.4.726"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097\u20104679(199712)53:8<859::AID\u2010JCLP11>3.0.CO;2\u2010J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and chronic orofacial pain: An empirical examination of the mutual maintenance model","volume":"23","author":"Burris J. 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