{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T07:50:31Z","timestamp":1769241031742,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,31]],"date-time":"2013-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined morale as a moderator of the relationship between combat exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a longitudinal study of U.S. soldiers who had participated in a deployment to Iraq. Soldiers (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 636) completed assessments at 4 (Time 1) and 10 (Time 2) months following their combat deployment. Combat exposure (both breadth and perceived stressfulness), morale, and PTSD symptoms were assessed at Time 1, and PTSD symptoms were assessed again at Time 2. Results of multivariate multiple regressions revealed that morale at Time 1 interacted with both the breadth and stressfulness of combat exposure to predict PTSD symptoms at both Time 1 and Time 2, even when partialling out the effect of unit support. The slope of the given combat exposure and PTSD symptoms relationship was weaker when reports of morale were higher (with the effect size of the interaction ranging from .01 to .04). The results suggest that morale may buffer soldiers from the negative consequences of combat stressors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,31]],"date-time":"2013-01-31T18:44:44Z","timestamp":1359657884000},"page":"94-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Morale as a Moderator of the Combat Exposure\u2010PTSD Symptom Relationship"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Britt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver Spring  Maryland USA"},{"name":"U.S. Army Medical Research Unit\u2010Europe Walter Reed Army Institute of Research  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Clemson University  Clemson South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy B.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Medical Research Unit\u2010Europe Walter Reed Army Institute of Research  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Bliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver Spring  Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DeWayne","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University  Clemson South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016877"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20665"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/AMJ.2007.26279180"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","volume-title":"Morale","author":"Baynes J. 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