{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T02:38:29Z","timestamp":1780454309071,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,26]],"date-time":"2014-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study examined the relevance of the developmental trauma disorder (DTD) framework (van der Kolk,<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#jts21944-bib-0029\"\/>) in Hong Kong Chinese children with repeated familial physical and\/or sexual abuse. Self\u2010reports of (a) key dimensions of DTD including emotion regulation, attribution and perceptions in self and relationships, belief in future victimization, behavioral difficulties, and self\u2010esteem; and (b) attachment styles and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reactions were obtained from children aged 9\u201315 years in clinical and school settings. Children were categorized into an abused trauma group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 82), a nonabused trauma group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 83), and a no\u2010trauma control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 201). The findings indicated that the DTD framework was applicable to abused children who showed a lower level of attachment security (Cohen's<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>from 0.50\u20130.61) and a higher level of PTSD reactions (Cohen's<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>= 0.71) than the comparison groups. After adding attachment security and emotion dysregulation to the model, there were no longer significant group differences in most of the variables.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,26]],"date-time":"2014-08-26T16:34:44Z","timestamp":1409070884000},"page":"454-460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Developmental Trauma and Its Correlates: A Study of Chinese Children With Repeated Familial Physical and Sexual Abuse in Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ellen Y. M.","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frendi W. 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