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We analyzed secondary data from two randomized controlled trials (Resick, Nishith, Weaver, Astin, &amp; Feuer, 2002; Resick et\u00a0al., 2008) that included women with PTSD who did or did not have child sexual abuse (CSA) or child physical abuse (CPA) histories to determine whether childhood abuse impacted dropout rate or reduction in PTSD symptoms. In Study 1, presence, duration, or severity of CSA was not associated with dropout; however, frequency of CSA significantly predicted dropout (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.23). A significant CPA Severity \u00d7 Treatment Group interaction emerged such that CPA severity was associated with greater dropout for prolonged exposure (PE; <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.45), but not cognitive processing therapy (CPT; <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.90). Study 2 found no differences in dropout. Study 1, comparing CPT and PE among women who experienced at least 1 rape found no differences in outcome based on childhood abuse history (<jats:italic>r<jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>s\u00a0=\u00a0.000\u2013.009). Study 2, a dismantling study of CPT with women seeking treatment for adult or child sexual or physical abuse found that for those with no childhood abuse, CPT\u2010C, the cognitive\u2010only version of CPT, had an advantage, whereas both forms of CPT worked best for those with higher frequency of childhood abuse; the effect size was small.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]],"date-time":"2014-10-16T17:17:57Z","timestamp":1413479877000},"page":"558-567","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Impact of Childhood Abuse Among Women With Assault\u2010Related PTSD Receiving Short\u2010Term Cognitive\u2013Behavioral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Resick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for PTSD VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael K.","family":"Suvak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for PTSD VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Psychology Department Suffolk University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie Y.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for PTSD VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(88)90033-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490080106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145\u20102134(97)00014\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006X.73.5.965"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J146v04n02"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022\u2010006X.70.5.1067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09081247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"Applied multiple regression\/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale","author":"Foa E. 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