{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:42:27Z","timestamp":1790080947689,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,12]],"date-time":"2016-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined the unique and combined relationship between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with psychosocial functioning in a cohort of 1,312 U.S. male and female veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Iraqi Freedom (OIF) enrolled in the Veterans After\u2010Discharge Longitudinal Registry (Project VALOR). We assessed mTBI with structured screening questions reflective of current TBI classification standards and PTSD via the SCID\u2010IV PTSD module; all other variables were assessed by self\u2010report questionnaires. We identified significant diagnostic group differences in psychosocial functioning for both sexes. Individuals with PTSD, with or without a history of mTBI, reported significantly worse psychosocial functioning than individuals with mTBI alone or neither mTBI nor PTSD (males, \u03b7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub> = .11, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001; females, \u03b7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub> = .14, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001), even after adjusting for demographics and severity of chronic pain. The results suggested that veterans experiencing PTSD, regardless of whether they had a history of mTBI, were at increased risk for long\u2010term psychosocial impairment. Further research examining possible benefits from improved access to resources and treatment to address these needs would be valuable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,12]],"date-time":"2016-07-12T22:24:36Z","timestamp":1468362276000},"page":"309-316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, PTSD, and Psychosocial Functioning Among Male and Female U.S. OEF\/OIF Veterans"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Colleen E.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Research Service VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle J.","family":"Bovin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"National Center for PTSD\u2013Behavioral Sciences Division VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Vasterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"National Center for PTSD\u2013Behavioral Sciences Division VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren W.","family":"Holowka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"National Center for PTSD\u2013Behavioral Sciences Division VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayatri","family":"Ranganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Research Institutes  Watertown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond C.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England Research Institutes  Watertown Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence M.","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine 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