{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T09:46:48Z","timestamp":1792489608108,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]],"date-time":"2017-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Spiritual Change (SC) is one of 5 domains of posttraumatic growth (PTG). The current Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) assesses this area of growth with only 2 items, one focusing on religiosity and the other focusing on spiritual understanding. The addition of 4 newly developed spiritual\u2013existential change (SEC) items, creating an expanded PTGI (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory\u2010X), reflects a diversity of perspectives on spiritual\u2013existential experiences that are represented in different cultures. Samples were obtained from 3 countries: the United States (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 250), Turkey (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 502), and Japan (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 314). Analyses indicated that the newly added items capture additional experiences of growth outside traditional religious concepts, yet still are correlated with the original SC items, especially in the U.S. and Turkish samples. Relationships of the PTGI\u2010X to established predictors of PTG, event\u2010related rumination, and core beliefs, were as predicted in all 3 countries. The new 6\u2010item SEC factor demonstrated high internal reliability, and the 5\u2010factor structure of the expanded scale was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The resulting 25\u2010item PTGI\u2010X can be used as a validated instrument in a wide range of samples in which traditional religious beliefs are less dominant.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]],"date-time":"2017-01-18T13:04:03Z","timestamp":1484744643000},"page":"11-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":296,"title":["The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: A Revision Integrating Existential and Spiritual Change"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Richard G.","family":"Tedeschi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of North Carolina at Charlotte  Charlotte North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnie","family":"Cann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of North Carolina at Charlotte  Charlotte North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanako","family":"Taku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Oakland University  Rochester Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emre","family":"Senol\u2010Durak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Abant Izzet Baysal University  Bolu Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence G.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of North Carolina at Charlotte  Charlotte North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"AMOS.21.0 [Computer software]","author":"Arbuckle J. 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