{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:04:06Z","timestamp":1790420646419,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000058","name":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005268","name":"Center for Mental Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3U79SM05428210S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3U79SM05428210S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#1K01MH077246"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1K01MH077246"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Most mental health services for trauma\u2010exposed children and adolescents were not originally developed for refugees. Information is needed to help clinicians design services to address the consequences of trauma in refugee populations. We compared trauma exposure, psychological distress, and mental health service utilization among children and adolescents of refugee\u2010origin, immigrant\u2010origin, and U.S.\u2010origin referred for assessment and treatment by U.S. providers in the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN).\u00a0We used propensity score matching to compare trauma profiles, mental health needs, and service use across three groups. Our sample comprised refugee\u2010origin youth (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 60, 48.3% female, mean age = 13.07 years) and propensity\u2010matched samples of immigrant\u2010origin youth (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 143, 60.8% female, mean age = 13.26 years), and U.S.\u2010origin youth (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 140, 56.1% female, mean age = 12.11 years).\u00a0On average, there were significantly more types of trauma exposure among refugee youth than either U.S.\u2010origin youth (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) or immigrant youth (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2264 .001). Compared with U.S.\u2010origin youth, refugee youth had higher rates of community violence exposure, dissociative symptoms, traumatic grief, somatization, and phobic disorder. \u00a0In contrast, the refugee group had comparably lower rates of substance abuse and oppositional defiant disorder (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>s ranging from .030 to &lt; .001).This clinic\u2010referred sample of refugee\u2010origin youth presented with distinct patterns of trauma exposure, distress symptoms, and service needs that merit consideration in services planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T10:36:39Z","timestamp":1496745399000},"page":"209-218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Comparing Trauma Exposure, Mental Health Needs, and Service Utilization Across Clinical Samples of Refugee, Immigrant, and U.S.\u2010Origin Children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Theresa S.","family":"Betancourt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Newnham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fran\u00e7ois\u2010Xavier Bagnoud Center\u00a0for Health and Human Rights Harvard University  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"School of Psychology and Speech Pathology Curtin University  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Birman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education and Human Development University of Miami  Coral Gables Florida USA"},{"name":"Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University  Kazan Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA\/Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. Heidi","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Layne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA\/Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01933922.2011.646086"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02703140802384602"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","unstructured":"American Psychological Association. 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