{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T23:16:42Z","timestamp":1785885402653,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004257","name":"Helse Vest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["911813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["911813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004257","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A significant number of adolescents have been exposed to traumatic life events. However, knowledge about the specific sleep disturbance that occurs in individuals after trauma exposure is predominantly based on studies of adults. This study reports specific sleep disturbance in 42 survivors of the 2011 mass shooting at a youth summer camp on the Norwegian island Ut\u00f8ya, mean age = 20.91 years, <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> = 2.32, 62.5% females. When compared with matched controls, significantly more survivors reported having sleep disturbances, 52.4% versus 13.6%, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic> = 0.93, of which onset began at the time of the shooting, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>= 14.9<jats:italic>, p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001. The prevalence of insomnia, 56.3% versus 11.0%, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic> = 0.73; excessive daytime sleepiness, 34.4% versus 13.6%, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic> = 0.61; symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea, 18.8% versus 0%, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic> = 0.70; and frequent nightmares, 37.5% versus 2.3%, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic> = 0.90, were all higher in the survivors than in the controls. In a subgroup of survivors <jats:italic>(n<\/jats:italic> = 20) with psychiatric diagnoses, sleep disturbances were more prevalent than in survivors without psychiatric diagnosis. Actigraphy data revealed delayed bedtime, sleep onset, and rise time in survivors compared with controls, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>s &gt; 1.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>s = .044 to .028. These results corroborate the effects of a life threat on the range and extent of sleep disturbances, and emphasize the need to better assess and treat sleep disorders in adolescents exposed to trauma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T10:26:46Z","timestamp":1496744806000},"page":"219-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Life Threat and Sleep Disturbances in Adolescents: A Two\u2010Year Follow\u2010Up of Survivors From the 2011 Ut\u00f8ya, Norway, Terror Attack"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Janne","family":"Gr\u00f8nli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Medical Psychology University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Melinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cognitive Developmental Unit (EKUP), Department of Psychology University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga Therese","family":"Ousdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging University College London  London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e5le","family":"Pallesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosocial Science University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Competence Center of Sleep Disorders Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor","family":"Endestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience Department of Psychology, University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Marita","family":"Milde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Medical Psychology University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare Uni Research Health  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-012-0709-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.5.508"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2009.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4692","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and posttraumatic stress disorder among OEF\/OIF\/OND veterans","volume":"11","author":"Colvonen P. J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","unstructured":"Dell Inc.(2016). Dell Statistica (data analysis software system) version 10.software.dell.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.133157"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","unstructured":"Dyb G. &N\u00e6slund M. B.(2015).Opplevelser og reaksjoner hos de som var p\u00e5 Ut\u00f8ya 22. juli 2011. En oppsummering av tredje intervjurunde: Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies (Experiences and reactions of those survived Ut\u00f8ya July 22 2011. A summary of the third interview round: Norwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000141"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"PTSD\u2010related paradoxical insomnia: An actigraphic study among veterans with chronic PTSD","volume":"7","author":"Ghadami M. R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Injury &amp; Violence Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2002.00302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","unstructured":"Gj\u00f8rv A. B.(2012).Rapport fra 22. juli\u2010kommisjonen (Report of the 22 of July Commission) In N. o. u. NOU (Ed.). Oslo Norwegian Government."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.06.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2016.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532480xads0804_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","first-page":"438","article-title":"Actigraphy in post traumatic stress disorder","volume":"30","author":"Khawaja I.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2007.537.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2678"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTS.0000029269.29098.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.12.2043"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181ae6aee"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.1999.00155.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00677.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02261.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000048"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2009.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.6.532"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.11.1526"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/comp.2000.16568"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/PMS.107.7.691-706"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1995.tb00205.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-014-0213-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800240031005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","first-page":"138","volume-title":"Stress in Israel","author":"Raviv A.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-4993(18)30356-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013890421674"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199401000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00044908"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.08.008"},{"issue":"31359","key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"School performance after experiencing trauma: A longitudinal study of school functioning in survivors of the Ut\u00f8ya shootings in 2011","volume":"7","author":"Strom I. F.","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjts.22196","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jts.22196","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T18:19:39Z","timestamp":1694974779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jts.22196"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jts.22196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.22196","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-9867","1573-6598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-9867","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}}}