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In our study, we used state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art tools to assess the resilience level in individuals, as well as their susceptibility to developing military stress\u2010induced behavioral and cognitive deficits. To address this complex question, we tested Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel in three distinct stress environments (baselines): during predeployment training, deployment in Afghanistan, and readjustment upon return to Canada. Our comprehensive outcome measures included psychometric tests, saliva biomarkers, and computerized cognitive tests that used the Cambridge Neuropsychological Automated Test Battery. Participants were categorized based on initial biomarker measurements as being at low\u2010, moderate\u2010, or high stress\u2010maladaptation risk. Biomarkers showed significant changes (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>s = 0.56 to 2.44) between baselines, calculated as \u201cdelta\u201d changes. Participants at low stress\u2010maladaptation risk demonstrated minimal changes, whereas those at high stress\u2010maladaptation risk showed significant biomarker variations. The psychometric patterns and cognitive functions were likewise affected across baselines, suggesting that the panel of saliva stress biomarkers could be a useful tool for determining the risk of stress maladaptation that can cause psychological and cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T20:41:22Z","timestamp":1519245682000},"page":"89-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Measuring Resilience to Operational Stress in Canadian Armed Forces Personnel"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Hellewell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Military and Veterans' Clinical Rehabilitation Research Program Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibolja","family":"Cernak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Military and Veterans' Clinical Rehabilitation Research Program Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.748"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2003.5.3\/dcharney","article-title":"The psychobiology of resilience and vulnerability to anxiety disorders: Implications for prevention and treatment","volume":"5","author":"Charney D. 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