{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:59:14Z","timestamp":1790787554469,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]],"date-time":"2018-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sleep disturbances are common among sexual assault victims with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for PTSD does not directly address sleep\u2010related symptoms. Trauma\u2010related sleep disturbances are associated with more impairment and contribute to the maintenance of PTSD. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a combination of CBT and nightmare therapy (imagery rehearsal therapy; IRT) compared to CBT alone for the treatment of PTSD. We recruited 42 adult victims of sexual assault who were suffering from PTSD and randomly assigned them to either the experimental (IRT + CBT) or control condition (waiting period followed by CBT). After CBT, both groups demonstrated significant decreases in nighttime symptoms (except nightmare frequency) and PTSD symptoms and showed improvements in functional impairment and mental health, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>s = 0.13\u20130.83, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>s = .005\u2013.008. Outcomes between the two groups did not differ significantly after CBT; however, we observed medium to medium\u2010large differences between the control group and experimental group in terms of nighttime symptoms, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>s = 0.45\u20130.63. Although results did not clearly establish the superiority of IRT + CBT over CBT alone, they demonstrated that IRT yielded greater improvement in nighttime symptoms than the waiting period, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>s = 0.72\u20131.13, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>s = .006\u2013.047 for all interaction effects. Findings suggest that targeting nightmares at the beginning of treatment for PTSD may yield rapid improvement in nighttime symptoms. This strategy could be useful for patients with time or resource constraints or those for whom nightmares are the primary complaint.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,4]],"date-time":"2018-08-04T22:29:05Z","timestamp":1533421745000},"page":"591-601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Efficacy of Imagery Rehearsal Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Sexual Assault Victims With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Genevi\u00e8ve","family":"Belleville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Laval University  Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myl\u00e8ne","family":"Dub\u00e9\u2010Frenette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Laval University  Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9anne","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Laval University  Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v4i0.19298"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychological and pharmacological treatments for adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)","volume":"92","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comparative Effectiveness Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27883","article-title":"Best practice guide for the treatment of nightmare disorder in adults","volume":"6","author":"Aurora R. N.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psychotherapy.2013.67.2.203"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0094355"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181961d8e"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2010.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychological treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)","volume":"18","author":"Bisson J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"447","article-title":"\u00c9valuation de l'insomnie: Validation de trois questionnaires","volume":"23","author":"Blais F. C.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Enc\u00e9phale"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490080106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707002589"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20569"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","first-page":"224","article-title":"Readying a U.S. measure of health status, the SF\u201036, for use in Canada","volume":"20","author":"Dauphinee S. W.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clinical and Investigative Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"The modified PTSD symptom acale: A brief self\u2010report measure for assessing posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"16","author":"Falsetti S. A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Behavior Therapist"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM\u2010IV axis I disorders, clinician version (SCID\u2010CV)","author":"First M. B.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780195308501.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000059"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20418"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2004.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15402010BSM0103_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506070802473494"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Validation de la version qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise de l\u2019\u00c9chelle modifi\u00e9e des sympt\u00f4mes du trouble de stress post\u2010 traumatique aupr\u00e8s d'un \u00e9chantillon clinique. [Validation of the French\u2010Canadian version of the modified post\u2010traumatic symptom scale in a clinical setting]","volume":"23","author":"Guay S.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Revue Qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise de Psychologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000711001159357"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.5.855"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013029819358"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(00)00195-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/atr.33051"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","volume-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy and clinical applications","author":"Levrier K."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","volume-title":"Orientations gouvernementales en mati\u00e8re d'agression sexuelle","author":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et des Services sociaux","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2009.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Comprehensive guide to posttraumatic stress disorder","author":"Pruiksma K. E.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15325020903373151"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3408"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2001).World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II. Retrived fromhttp:\/\/www.who.int\/classifications\/icf\/whodasii\/en"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTS.0000014679.31799.e7"}],"container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjts.22306","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jts.22306","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T01:01:31Z","timestamp":1694998891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jts.22306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jts.22306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.22306","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-9867","1573-6598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-9867","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-05-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}