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Tau and amyloid\u2010beta\u201042 (A\u03b242) are proteins that have been linked to cognitive impairment, neurological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, and may also relate to recovery from mTBI. However, the role of these proteins in the maintenance or resolution of chronic symptoms has not yet been determined. Participants in the current study were 102 service members and veterans who had sustained an mTBI (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 84) or injured controls (IC) without TBI (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 18). They were categorized into three groups based on the presence or absence of mTBI and PTSD: IC\/PTSD\u2010Absent (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 18), mTBI\/PTSD\u2010Absent (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 63), and mTBI\/PTSD\u2010Present (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 21). Concentrations of tau and A\u03b242 in peripheral blood plasma were measured using Simoa<jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>, an ultrasensitive technology, and compared across groups. Tau concentrations were highest in the mTBI\/PTSD\u2010Present group, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(2, 99) = 4.33, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .016, compared to the other two groups. Linear multiple regression was conducted to determine the independent effects of PTSD and mTBI on tau concentrations, controlling for gender and sleep medication. PTSD was a significant and independent predictor of tau concentrations, \u03b2 = .25, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .009, \u03b7<jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = .26. A\u03b242 concentrations did not differ between the groups. The results indicated that PTSD was associated with an elevation of tau in peripheral blood and suggest that there may be increased biological effects of PTSD in this young cohort of service members and veterans following mTBI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T16:35:52Z","timestamp":1562776552000},"page":"546-554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Concurrent Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Is Associated With Elevated Tau Concentrations in Peripheral Blood Plasma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5975-7935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassandra L.","family":"Pattinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health National Institute of Nursing Research  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health National Institute of Nursing Research  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Lippa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center Walter Reed National Military Medical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence Walter Reed National Military Medical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracey A.","family":"Brickell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center Walter Reed National Military Medical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence Walter Reed National Military Medical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis M.","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center Walter Reed National Military Medical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence Walter Reed National Military Medical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2792-302X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rael T.","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center Walter Reed National Military Medical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"National Intrepid Center of Excellence Walter Reed National Military Medical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"DSM\u2010IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Averill C. 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