{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T09:19:57Z","timestamp":1794043197074,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The primary aim of this study was to provide an assessment of the current prevalence rates of\n                    <jats:italic>International Classification of Diseases<\/jats:italic>\n                    (11th rev.) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) among the adult population of the United States and to identify characteristics and correlates associated with each disorder. A total of 7.2% of the sample met criteria for either PTSD or CPTSD, and the prevalence rates were 3.4% for PTSD and 3.8% for CPTSD. Women were more likely than men to meet criteria for both PTSD and CPTSD. Cumulative adulthood trauma was associated with both PTSD and CPTSD; however, cumulative childhood trauma was more strongly associated with CPTSD than PTSD. Among traumatic stressors occurring in childhood, sexual and physical abuse by caregivers were identified as events associated with risk for CPTSD, whereas sexual assault by noncaregivers and abduction were risk factors for PTSD. Adverse childhood events were associated with both PTSD and CPTSD, and equally so. Individuals with CPTSD reported substantially higher psychiatric burden and lower levels of psychological well\u2010being compared to those with PTSD and those with neither diagnosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T10:49:21Z","timestamp":1575456561000},"page":"833-842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":330,"title":["<i>ICD\u201011<\/i>\n                    Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the United States: A Population\u2010Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Maryl\u00e8ne","family":"Cloitre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division VA Palo Alto Health Care System  Palo Alto California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9574-7128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Hyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Maynooth University  Kildare Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Global Health Trinity College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan I.","family":"Bisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences School of Medicine, Cardiff University  Cardiff United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris R.","family":"Brewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Educational and Health Psychology University College\u2013London  London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil P.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology and Psychological Therapies Directorate Cardiff and Vale University Health Board  Cardiff United Kingdom"},{"name":"Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences Cardiff University  Cardiff United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanos","family":"Karatzias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Service Lothian Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress  Edinburgh United Kingdom"},{"name":"School of Health and Social Care Edinburgh Napier University  Edinburgh United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Shevlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Ulster University  Derry Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610206004212"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jth138"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31803044e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","volume-title":"Treating survivors of childhood abuse: Psychotherapy for the interrupted life","author":"Cloitre M.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12956"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20444"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20050501-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20189"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v6.27584"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14com09372"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J229v07n03_04"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191104269954"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","volume-title":"Towards precision medicine: Building a knowledge network for biomedical research and a new taxonomy of disease","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22169"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","unstructured":"Karatzias T. &Cloitre M.Innovative treatment approaches for complex PTSD (CPTSD): Modular patient\u2010centered care. 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