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In a secondary analysis of a multisite randomized controlled trial of a sample of veterans with combat\u2010related PTSD, we examined the associations among pre\u2010, peri\u2010, and postdeployment adversity, social support, and clinician\u2010diagnosed comorbid MDD. Participants completed the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory\u2013II as well as structured clinical interviews for diagnostic status. Among 223 U.S. veterans of the military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan (86.9% male) with primary combat\u2010related PTSD, 69.5% had current comorbid MDD. After adjustment for sex, a linear regression model indicated that more concerns about family disruptions during deployment,<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>= 0.065; more harassment during deployment,<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>= 0.020; and lower ratings of postdeployment social support,<jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>= 0.154, were associated with more severe self\u2010reported depression symptoms. Interventions that enhance social support as well as societal efforts to foster successful postdeployment reintegration are critical for reducing the mental health burden associated with this highly prevalent comorbidity in veterans with combat\u2010related PTSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T18:48:05Z","timestamp":1585248485000},"page":"276-284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Combat\u2010Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Comorbid Major Depression in U.S. Veterans: The Role of Deployment Cycle Adversity and Social Support"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Goetter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne S.","family":"Hoeppner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco VA Medical Center San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Suffolk University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith E.","family":"Charney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Wieman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Suffolk University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret R.","family":"Venners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly M.","family":"Avallone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila A. 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