{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T13:49:12Z","timestamp":1762782552715,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA023239","AA025692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA023239","AA025692"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009670","name":"National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009670","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA08686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA08686"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Emerging research has demonstrated that psychosocial trauma exposure may elicit epigenetic changes, with downstream effects on the transcriptional regulation of genes. Epigenome\u2010wide association studies (EWAS) offer an agnostic approach to examine DNA methylation (DNAm) associations and are a valuable tool to aid in the identification of biological pathways involved in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study represents the first EWAS of PTSD in an adolescent sample, an important group given the significance of this developmental period regarding both DNAm changes and PTSD risk. The sample (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 39, <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> age = 15.41 years, <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> = 1.27, 84.6% female) comprised adolescents who experienced interpersonal trauma and were enrolled in a treatment study. Participants were assessed using the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for <jats:italic>DSM<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>IV<\/jats:italic>\u2013Adolescent Version and provided a blood sample at baseline. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood and assayed using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. The primary analysis estimated the associations among individual CpG sites and PTSD symptom scores. Of the 793,575 screened probes tested, two were significant at a false discovery rate (FDR) &lt; 10%. Hypomethylation of both sites was associated with increased PTSD symptom scores. Analysis of differentially methylated regions (DMR) identified a DMR associated with PTSD symptom scores at an FDR &lt; 10%. Results from follow\u2010up models are also discussed. Findings from this preliminary investigation suggest the importance of further research conducted in adolescent samples. The analytic pipeline and results are documented for use in future meta\u2010analytic work as more such samples become available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T05:21:22Z","timestamp":1612588882000},"page":"607-615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Epigenome\u2010Wide Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity in a Treatment\u2010Seeking Adolescent Sample"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3773-641X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina M.","family":"Sheerin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva E.","family":"Lancaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy P.","family":"York","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla Kmett","family":"Danielson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ananda B.","family":"Amstadter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000167"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40473-016-0083-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21789"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3578-9_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.23470"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.577"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.4493"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12198"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315442648-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.4803"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0898-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-587"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.117.208397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.5.788"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2015.1100786"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-015-0527-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008164"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.229102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2825"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3783"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u2026 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