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The tendency to think abstractly in response to stress has not been examined as a longitudinal risk factor for later stress reactions. The present study evaluated the extent to which an abstract thinking style could represent a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in student paramedics over a 6\u2010month follow\u2010up period. Student paramedics (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 89) recruited from universities in the United Kingdom were assessed for baseline symptoms, abstract thinking, and cognitive responses to stressful memories; a follow\u2010up assesment was conducted 6 months later in their training. All participants were exposed to a potentially traumatic event between baseline and follow\u2010up. Baseline symptoms and trauma history accounted for 45% of the variation in follow\u2010up posttraumatic symptoms, with abstract thinking style explaining an additional 2.5% over and above what could be predicted from initial symptom levels. Abstract thinking was moderately related to rumination in response to stressful memories, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .45, and correlated with follow\u2010up symptoms of PTSD, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .49; anxiety, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .40; and depression, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .27. This study builds on previous work suggesting that abstract processing mode and abstract rumination are risk factors for PTSD. Abstract thinking in response to stress represents a potentially modifiable risk factor that could be targeted by a resilience\u2010focused intervention for individuals likely to encounter traumatic events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T03:32:17Z","timestamp":1635391937000},"page":"375-385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Abstract thinking as a risk factor for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in student paramedics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6920-2941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aimee","family":"McKinnon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford  Oxford United Kingdom"},{"name":"Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust  Oxford United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5715-679X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hj\u00f6rdis","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford  Oxford United Kingdom"},{"name":"Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust  Oxford United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2951-2283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Salkovskis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford  Oxford United Kingdom"},{"name":"Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust  Oxford United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5463-1711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford  Oxford United Kingdom"},{"name":"Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust  Oxford United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/BIP\u2010100101020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35502\/jcswb.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2011.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2003.005645"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127\u2010011\u20100408\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018790003416"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006x.68.5.748"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u2010295x.103.4.670"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272\u20107358(03)00033\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/11349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466599162836"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0005\u20107967(98)00051\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20609"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888\u2010015\u20100398\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005\u20107967(98)00181\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0005\u20107967(99)00123\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S135246580001585X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2010.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006X.76.2.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021\u2010843X.115.3.629"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh (Version 25.0)","author":"IBM Corp","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2017.1353383"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525\u20101497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2011.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","unstructured":"Lorenz H. 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