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The present study sought to build on prior studies by identifying characteristics associated with the occurrence of MSA and clinical correlates of MSA and examining how these differ between men and women. This study analyzed cross\u2010sectional survey data from a national sample of treatment\u2010seeking Gulf War era veterans. Participants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 1,153) reported demographic information, clinical outcomes, military background, and history of MSA. MSA was more common among female veterans (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 100, 41.3%) than male veterans (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 32, 3.6%). The odds of experiencing MSA were approximately 19 times higher for female veterans relative to their male peers, <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic> = 18.92, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001. Moreover, as expected, MSA was robustly associated with probable current posttraumatic stress disorder, probable current depression, and past\u2010year suicidal ideation in female veterans, whereas combat exposure was robustly associated with these sequelae in male veterans. The present findings confirm that a large proportion of female veterans from the Gulf War era experienced MSA and highlight the deleterious correlates of MSA on veterans\u2019 mental health. Sex differences of correlates of MSA and subsequent clinical associations are highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T06:08:27Z","timestamp":1648706907000},"page":"1240-1251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Correlates and clinical associations of military sexual assault in Gulf War era U.S. veterans: Findings from a national sample"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2368-5447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tapan A.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Florida State University  Tallahassee Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Toledo  Toledo Ohio 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