{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:46:25Z","timestamp":1785307585875,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The latent structure of <jats:italic>ICD\u201011<\/jats:italic> prolonged grief disorder (PGD), as measured using the International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (IPGDS), was assessed in a large general population sample of bereaved adults from the United Kingdom. Data were derived from Wave 5 of the COVID\u201019 Psychological Research Consortium Study (C19PRC\u2010UK). Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was used to assess the latent structure of the IPGDS. Identified factors were explored in relation to known correlates (i.e., gender, age of the bereaved, income, bereavement timeframe, age of the deceased) and functional impairment. Three factors\u2014Loss, Emotional Numbing, and Emotional Reactivity\u2014emerged in the best\u2010fitting ESEM model, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>(92, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 1,763) = 273.70, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001, CFI = .97, TLI = .96, RMSEA = .048, SRMR = .020. All factors were significantly associated with bereavement timeframe, \u03b2s = \u2010.15\u2013\u2010.20, and age of the deceased, \u03b2s = \u2010.22\u2013\u2010.31. Lower income predicted both Loss and Emotional Numbing; younger age of the bereaved predicted both Loss and Emotional Reactivity; and female gender was a unique predictor of Loss. Functional impairment was associated only with Emotional Numbing, \u03b2 = .89. The findings highlight the multidimensional structure of PGD. However, the patterns of factor\/cross\u2010factor loadings observed in the present study indicate that a \u201csimple\u201d structure was not attainable. Associations between factors and covariates attest to the discriminant validity of the factors, and the association between Emotional Numbing and functional impairment may afford clinicians an opportunity to better understand and target the most disruptive features of grief.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T17:33:47Z","timestamp":1694626427000},"page":"1077-1089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Testing the latent structure of <i>ICD\u201011<\/i> prolonged grief disorder symptoms in the U.K. adult population: An exploratory structural equation modeling approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6262-5223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Shevlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Ulster University  Coleraine Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8863-2234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enya","family":"Redican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Ulster University  Coleraine Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Ulster University  Coleraine Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9574-7128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Hyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Maynooth University  Maynooth Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanos","family":"Karatzias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Social Care Edinburgh Napier University  Edinburgh United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294359"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510903008204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206315591075"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442\u2010200207000\u201000011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15328007sem1302_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u20102909.107.2.238"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.07.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2018.1480546"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.01.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124192021002005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Complicated grief: Scientific foundations for health care professionals","author":"Burke L.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428\u2010020\u201001500\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22880"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090311"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","volume-title":"LISREL V: Analysis of linear structural relationships by maximum likelihood and least squares methods","author":"J\u00f6reskog K. 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