{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:25:42Z","timestamp":1790720742541,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) outcomes among teachers (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 8,167) exposed to Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico. The findings indicate that the rates of likely significant symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD were 13.1%, 8.7%, and 5.4%, respectively. There were no significant disparities in psychopathological symptoms based on sex, except that female participants were more likely to exhibit anxiety symptoms than their male counterparts, odds ratio (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>) = 1.53. Key disaster\u2010related factors, such as perceived threat, actual threat, and disruption of life were found to significantly influence all psychopathology outcomes, <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>s = 1.20\u20133.57, whereas increased social support significantly buffered the manifestation of clinically significant psychopathology symptoms across all domains, <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>s = 0.30\u20130.46. These outcomes, strongly linked to peritraumatic consequences, were not constrained by geographical or socioeconomic boundaries, highlighting the wide\u2010ranging impact of the hurricane. Nevertheless, social support emerged as a significant counteracting force, reducing the likelihood of detrimental mental health symptoms. Consistent with prior studies, this study emphasizes the crucial role of social support in nurturing posttraumatic resilience and curbing the severity of posttraumatic stress outcomes, thus underscoring the need for incorporating robust social support systems within disaster response strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T15:19:11Z","timestamp":1696259951000},"page":"1066-1076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Disaster exposure and mental health among Puerto Rican teachers after Hurricane Maria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9353-0795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enoch T.","family":"Sackey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regan W.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Disparities and Diversity Program Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8739-5583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Mississippi  Oxford Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1195-1085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosaura","family":"Orengo\u2010Aguayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.087007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Requirements Act H.R. 2266 115th Cong. (2017).https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115thcongress\/house\u2010bill\/2266\/text"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7275\/QV2Q\u2010RK76"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022\u2010006x.68.5.748"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1754730X.2015.1080123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380000010010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Continuing Appropriations Act 2018 and Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Requirements Act 2017 H.R. 601 115th Cong. (2017\u20132018).https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115thcongress\/house\u2010bill\/601"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Symptomatology and psychopathology of mental health problems after disaster","volume":"67","author":"Foa E. B.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.12.1427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13753\u2010018\u20100184\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566\u2010015\u20109313\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","volume-title":"Population decline and school closure in Puerto Rico","author":"Hinojosa J.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006X.64.4.712"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17763\/1943\u20105045\u201089.3.421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1527-6988(2003)4:4(176)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1988.10478722"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22270"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20790"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","volume-title":"Ascertainment of the estimated excess mortality from Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico","author":"Milken Institute School of Public Health","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"Empirically supported treatments and promising practices","author":"National Child Traumatic Stress Network","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.107799"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.2619"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963\u20107214.2004.00300.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15325020902724271"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","first-page":"138","volume-title":"The Educational Forum","author":"Rankin B.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12552012\u20109074\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/dmp.2012.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003124207-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21780"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105308101677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli1501_01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","volume-title":"Quick facts: Puerto Rico","author":"U.S. Census Bureau","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20100167.55.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021\u2010843X.105.2.237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh\u20102018\u2010001191"}],"container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jts.22973","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T15:31:56Z","timestamp":1710775916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jts.22973"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jts.22973"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.22973","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-9867","1573-6598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-9867","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}