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There is growing interest in studying differences in neural, physiological, and behavioral correlates of traumatic stress across demographic groups (e.g., sex\/gender, race\/ethnicity). However, challenges remain in how to appropriately conceptualize the source, mechanisms, and practical utility of between\u2010group variation. The present brief conceptual review discusses ethnicity, race, and sex\/gender\u2010related variability relevant to understanding the psychobiology of traumatic stress in the context of traumatic stress studies. We discuss recent evidence related to socioenvironmental influences on ethnoracial variability in the brain and behavior relevant to traumatic stress, as well as sex\/gender associations in neurophysiology that may contribute to the development of adverse posttraumatic sequelae. We further synthesize these findings by discussing intersectional influences of sex\/gender\u2010 and race\/ethnicity\u2010related factors on trauma\u2010related physical and mental health outcomes. The present review provides an important foundation for future research on disparities and individual differences in traumatic stress to move the field toward more effective assessment and treatment approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.23081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T19:19:21Z","timestamp":1721243961000},"page":"746-753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Conceptualizing disparities and differences in the psychobiology of traumatic stress"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Kelly A.","family":"Correa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2531-923X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Michopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5346-2012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathaniel G.","family":"Harnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Depression and Anxiety McLean Hospital  Belmont Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00735"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856218789779"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2016.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(18)31130\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2021.102508"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1251032"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520\u20106629(200011)28:6<625::AID\u2010JCOP6>3.0.CO;2\u2010R"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.21m14116"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2014.969720"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.21090961"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SOCSCIMED.2010.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40501\u2010023\u201000300\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737\u2010021\u201001141\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802\u2010013\u20109731\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haering S. 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