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To address this gap, this study investigated the indirect effects of inflammation on the associations between childhood maltreatment and both episodic memory (EM) and executive functioning (EF) performance 10 years after inflammatory measurement in older adults. We selected 590 participants (\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 65.5 years) from the Midlife in the United States Study based on available childhood maltreatment, inflammation, and composite cognitive data. Spearman's rank correlations were calculated to test associations among childhood maltreatment, cognition, and inflammation. The results informed follow\u2010up analyses testing the indirect effects of inflammation on the associations between childhood maltreatment and cognition. Correlations demonstrated that inflammation was associated with overall childhood maltreatment as well as with specific domains of childhood maltreatment (i.e., physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and physical neglect),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    s\n                    <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0.002\u2013.010. Inflammation was negatively associated with EF,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a0.001, and EM,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a0.028. Follow\u2010up analyses revealed significant indirect pathways linking overall childhood maltreatment, \u03b2 = \u2212.0088,\n                    <jats:italic>SE<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0058, 95% CI [\u22120.0223, \u22120.00000], to EM performance through inflammation, but no specific domain of maltreatment drove this association. The results suggest that inflammation may help explain links between childhood maltreatment exposure and EM deficits in adulthood. These results elucidate the importance of evaluating childhood maltreatment as a risk factor for later\u2010life cognitive decline, particularly within the context of heightened inflammatory biomarkers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.23138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:21:37Z","timestamp":1741911697000},"page":"422-433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Inflammation following childhood maltreatment is associated with episodic memory decline in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Dalia","family":"Einstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savana","family":"Jurgens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5157-0666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmeet P.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Chronic Brain Injury Initiative The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpc.2020.100130"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577272"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.8.1132"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire","author":"Bernstein D.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2021.173291"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u2010244x\u20107\u201050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.2mr0220\u2010549r"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57210-4_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1118355109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021\u2010843x.112.4.558"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2022.105761"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","unstructured":"Dalthorp D.(2021).GenEst\u2013R installation. 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