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Novel stressors, like a global pandemic, may compound previous stress and trauma exposure. We aimed to test the \u201cchallenge model of resilience\u201d (i.e., moderate exposure to adversity may confer resilience to future stressors) and assess COVID\u201019\u2013related stress severity in youth resettled in the United States as refugees of Syria (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a066,\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a012.72 years). We recruited youth aged 10\u201317 years who had been previously screened for trauma exposure and conducted virtual assessments on COVID\u201019\u2013related stress, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and anxiety symptoms between March 2021 and March 2022. An ANCOVA adjusted for age, posttraumatic stress, and anxiety indicated a significant dose\u2013response effect of trauma on current COVID\u201019\u2013related stress,\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2, 58)\u00a0=\u00a06.67,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.002,\n                    <jats:italic>h<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.19. Youth exposed to high doses of adversity reported more distress than those exposed to low\u2010to\u2010moderate,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.007, and no\u2010to\u2010minimal,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0.006, doses. Although youth exposed to low\u2010to\u2010moderate doses reported slightly less distress than those who reported no\u2010to\u2010minimal exposure, post hoc comparisons indicated that this contrast was nonsignificant. Our findings partially support the challenge model of resilience; however, the small size and homogeneity of the sample preclude generalization to other cohorts of stress\u2010exposed youth. Regular screening for traumatic life events in youth could prompt early intervention to mitigate longer\u2010term impacts. Increased integration of positive health\u2010promoting programs in schools and communities that teach stress coping strategies could confer resilience to youth regardless of exposure level.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.23147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T01:25:27Z","timestamp":1742433927000},"page":"479-488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Running up that hill: Applying the challenge model of resilience to understand the impact of the COVID\u201019 pandemic on youth resettled as refugees"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elashmawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor","family":"Abou\u2010Rass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raya","family":"Nashef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3968-0421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bassem","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1612-8688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arash","family":"Javanbakht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7168-5524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lana Ruvolo","family":"Grasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Wayne State University  Detroit Michigan USA"},{"name":"Ben L. 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